designer knock off jewelry wholesale What is futures?

Amy

November 27, 2022 at 11:45 am

tashi jewelry wholesale History of futures:
The English of futures is Futures, which is evolved from the term "future". At a certain time, the real goods are collected, so the Chinese call it "futures".

The initial futures transaction was developed from the spot in the spot. The initial spot forward transaction was an oral promise of the two parties to pay a certain number of goods at a certain time. Oral promise is gradually replaced by the contract. This kind of contract is increasingly complicated and needs to be guaranteed by intermediate people in order to supervise the delivery and payment of the buyers and sellers on schedule. Therefore, the world's first commodity forward contract exchanges opened in London in 1570, the Royal Exchange. In order to adapt to the continuous development of the commodity economy, in 1985, the Chicago Grain Exchange launched a standardized agreement called "futures contract" to replace the long -term contract that was originally used. Using this standardized contract, the contract is allowed to be transferred to buy and sell, and gradually improves the margin system. Therefore, a futures market that specializes in the standardized contract has formed. Futures have become an investment and financial tool for investors.

The basic concept of futures:
Futures are standardized contracts, a uniform, long -term "cargo" contract. Buying and selling futures contracts are actually promising to buy or sell a certain amount of "cargo" ("cargo" can be physical products such as soybean, copper and other financial products in the future, or financial products such as stock indexes and foreign exchange). In a strict sense, futures are not commodities, but a standardized commodity contract. In the contract, the two parties will be traded on some specific commodities or financial assets in the future. Futures transactions are a transaction method compared to spot transactions. It is an organized transaction method developed on the basis of spot transactions and through the standardized futures contracts that trades and sells on the futures exchange. The object of futures transactions is not the product (target) itself, but the standardized contract of the commodity (target).
Inded me to give you a small example in life to help everyone understand. For example, if you go to the flower shop to buy flowers, the current payment is a spot transaction; if you pay for the delivery of the goods when you have a birthday for two months, it is a long -term transaction. The generation of futures transactions stems from spot transactions and long -term transactions, and developed on the basis of long -term transactions. The futures contract mentioned earlier is actually a standardized long -term contract. That is to say, the types, quality, quantities and delivery time, and place in the contract in the contract are stipulated in advance. In this way, the buyers and sellers will not be due to the quality, quantity, delivery location, time and other problems of the product and seller. The main features of futures contracts are:
A. The product varieties, quantities, quality, grades, delivery time, delivery location of futures contracts are all set. It is standardized, and the only variable is the price. The standard for futures contracts is usually designed by the futures exchange and is listed and approved by the state regulatory agency.
B. Futures contract is sold under the organization of the futures exchange, which has legal effect, and the price is generated in the exchange of the exchange. Use computer transactions.
C. The performance of futures contracts is guaranteed by the exchange and is not allowed to trade privately.
D. Futures contracts can perform or lift the contract obligations by settle in spot or hedge transactions.

The components of futures contracts include:
A. transaction variety
B. The number of transactions and units
C. The minimum change price, the quotation must be the minimum change price position Toruction.
D. The maximum fluctuation restriction of the daily price, that is, the daily limit. When the market price rose to the maximum increase, we called the "daily limit board", otherwise, the "daily limit board".
E. Contract month
F. Trading time
G. Last trading day is the last trading day for a certain futures contract to conduct transaction in the contract of the contract;
H. Delivery time: Refers to the time for the contract for this contract;
i. delivery standards and grades
J. delivery location
K. margin
L. transaction procedures The role of the fee

The futures contract is:
1 is to attract the hedging of the hedids to use the futures market to buy and sell contracts, lock the cost, and avoid losses due to the risk of commodity price fluctuations in the spot market.
It is to attract speculators to conduct venture capital transactions and increase market liquidity.

The characteristics of futures transactions
1. The two -way nature of futures transactions: The biggest difference between futures transactions and the stock market is that futures can be traded in two -way, and futures can be bought short or short. When the price rises, you can buy low and sell high, and when the price falls, it can be sold high and low. You can make more money, and you can make money, so there is no bear market for futures.
[In the bear market, the stock market will be depressed and the futures market is still beautiful, the opportunity is still]

. The cost of futures transactions is low: The cost is the transaction fee. The current procedures of the three domestic exchanges are about two or three in ten thousand, and the additional expenses of the brokerage company, the unilateral handling fee is not one thousandth of the transaction volume.
[Low -low cost is a guarantee of success]

3. The leverage of futures transactions:
The principle of leverage is the charm of futures investment. There is no need to pay all the funds in the futures market. At present, domestic futures transactions only need to pay 5%of margin to obtain the right to get future transactions.
The original quotation was amplified by more than ten times due to the use of margin. We assume that the price of copper prices in a day (the daily limit in the futures is only 3%of the previous trading day). The operation is right. Our fund profit margin is 60%(3%÷ 5%). Note.
[There is a chance to make money]

4. "T 0" transaction opportunities to double: the futures are "T 0" transactions, so that your capital application is to the extreme. You are grasping After the trend, you can trade at any time and close the position at any time.
[Convenient entry and exit can increase the security of investment]

5. Futures are zero -harmony market but greater than negative markets: futures are zero -harmony market, and the futures market itself does not create profits. During a certain period of time, the total amount of funds in the futures market is unchanged without considering the inlet and withdrawal of funds, and the profit of market participants comes from the loss of another trader.
The on the bear market in the stock market, the market price has shrunk sharply, coupled with the meager dividends, the state and enterprises absorb funds, and there is no shorting mechanism for shortness. The total amount of funds in the stock market will increase negative growth for a period of time, and the total profit will be less than the loss.
[Zero is always greater than negative numbers]

The characteristics of comprehensive national policy, economic development needs, and futures themselves determine that the futures have a huge room for development.

The differences between futures and stocks:
The investment remuneration is different: Futures transactions can amplify the income due to the leverage of futures trading, four or two pounds. Futures only need to pay less than 10%of the total value of the contract; the stock must be 100%invested, and the amount of interest is required to pay; It can be done more and can be short;

The speculation method of futures is very similar to the stock market, but it is very obvious.
. Big fighting: Stocks are full transactions, that is, how much money can only buy how much stocks, and futures are margin systems, that is, only 5%to 10%of the transaction turnover can be performed. %Of transactions. For example, investors have 10,000 yuan, buying 10 yuan of stocks can buy 1,000 shares, and investment futures can sell 100,000 yuan of commodity futures contracts. This is small fighting.

. Two -way transactions: Stocks are one -way transactions. They can only buy stocks before they can be sold; and futures can be bought or sold first. This is two -way transactions.

. Time constraints: stock transactions have no time limit. If the quilt can be closed for a long time, and the futures must be delivered at the end, otherwise the exchange will be forcibly liquidated or in physical delivery.

. The reality of profit and loss: There are two parts of the return on investment. One is the market difference, and the other is dividend dividends. The profit and loss of futures investment is the actual profit and loss in market transactions.

. Great risk: Futures due to the implementation of the deposit system, additional margin system, and forcibly liquidation due to the expiration, so that it has the characteristics of high remuneration and high risk. In a sense, in a sense , Futures can make you get rich overnight, or you may make you poverty instantly, investors should invest carefully.

1. The concept of futures: The so -called futures, generally referring to the date of date, refers to the uniformly formulated by the futures exchange, stipulated in a certain time and place in the future Essence This target, also known as basic assets, is the spot corresponding to the futures contract. This kind of spot can be a certain product, such as copper or crude oil, or a certain financial instrument, such as foreign exchange, bonds, or a certain financial Indicators, such as three -month peer borrowing interest rate or stock index.
The futures concept also includes an option contract for exchange transactions. Most futures exchanges are listed on future futures and options.
Futures contract content includes: contract name, trading unit, quotation unit, minimum
change price, daily price maximum fluctuation restriction, trading time, last trading date, delivery date, delivery level, delivery, delivery Location, minimum transaction margin, transaction fee, delivery method, transaction code, etc. Futures contract attachments have the same legal effect as futures contracts.

Standard contract style: Dalian Commodity Exchange Huangdou No. 1 Futures Contract

Trading varieties -yellow soybeans
Quotation unit -RMB
The minimum change price -1 yuan/ton
, 11
The trading time -every Monday to Friday 9:00 am to 11:00 am 13: 00-15: 00
The last trading day of the contract Delivery date -On the seventh day of the last trading day (the legal holiday is postponed)
The delivery level -see the attachment
5 %
The transaction fee -4 yuan/hand
Dating method -centralized delivery
The transaction code -A
In listing exchanges -Dalian Commodity Exchange
The minimum indicator of pure grain rate%
skin, impurities%, water%, odor color
-liter- (RMB/ton)
n ...

(2) Features of futures contracts: The product varieties, quantities, quality, grades, delivery time,
The delivery location, etc. Standardized, the only variable is the price. The first standardized futures contract was launched by CBOT in 1865.
The futures contracts are sold under the organization of futures exchange and have legal effect.

The price is generated in the trading hall of the exchange. The price method, and my country uses computer transactions.

The performance of futures contracts is guaranteed by the exchange, and private transactions are not allowed. Trading

is the buyer's seller and the buyer of the seller.

The futures contracts can be performed through liquidation and delivery.

(3) The content of futures contract clauses: minimum change price: refers to the minimum value of the price of the futures contract unit.

The maximum fluctuation restrictions on the daily price: (also known as the daily limit board) refers to the transaction price of futures contracts on a trading day must not be higher or lower than the prescribed rise and fall, which exceeds the ups and downs. The quotation will be considered invalid and cannot be traded.

China contract delivery month: refers to the month when the contract is settled.

The last trading day: refers to the last trading day for a futures contract to conduct transactions during the contract of the contract.

The futures contract trading unit "hand": Futures transactions must be performed with an integer multiple of "one -handed".

The trading price of futures contracts: It is the value -added tax price of the benchmark delivery product of the futures contract on the benchmark delivery warehouse. The contract transaction price includes the opening price, closing price, settlement price, etc.

The buyer of futures contracts, if the contract holds the expiration, then he is obliged to buy the target of the futures contract; and the seller of the futures contract, if the contract holds the expiration, then he There is an obligation to sell the subject matter corresponding to the futures contract (some futures contracts do not perform physical delivery but settle the difference at the expiration. Settlement.) Of course, traders of futures contracts can also choose to carry out the obligation of reverse trading before the contract expires.

(4) The generation of futures transactions: The futures market in the modern sense was born in the United States. In 1848, 82 merchants initiated the Organization of Chicago Futures Exchange (CBOT) to improve transportation and storage conditions Provide information for members; in 1851, Chicago Futures Exchange introduced a long -term contract; the first standardized contract was launched in 1865, and the deposit system was implemented (not more than 10%of the contract value), which is a historic institutional innovation; 1882 1882 The annual exchanges are allowed to avoid performance responsibilities by hedging, increasing the liquidity of futures transactions.

The background of China's futures market is the reform of the grain circulation system. As the state cancels the unified purchase of agricultural products, and the price of most agricultural products has been released, the market's regulation of agricultural products production, circulation and consumption has become increasingly large, the ups and downs of agricultural products and the unfinished and distorted phenomenon of spot prices, agricultural production of agricultural production Suddenly and down and the lack of value preservation mechanisms in grain companies have attracted the attention of leadership and scholars. Whether it can establish a mechanism can not only provide price signals to guide future production and operation activities the key of. In February 1988, the leaders of the State Council instructed the relevant departments to study the foreign futures market system and solve the problem of fluctuations in the price of domestic agricultural products. In March 1988, the "Government Work Report" of the Seventh National People's Congress of the Seventh National People's Congress proposed that actively developing various types of wholesale trade markets, Explore futures transactions. The prelude to the research and construction of the Chinese futures market.

In October 12, 1990 Zhengzhou Grain Wholesale Market was established by the State Council, based on spot transactions, introduced the futures transaction mechanism, and took the first step in the development of the Chinese futures market;

In June 10, 1991, Shenzhen Nonferrous Metal Exchange was established;

In May 28, 1991, Shanghai Metal Commodity Exchange opened;

The first futures brokerage company, Guangdong Wantong Futures Brokerage Company, was established, marking that the Chinese futures market was interrupted for more than 40 years and recovered in China.

(5) Terms related to futures transactions: Open positions, positions and liquidation: buying and selling behaviors in futures transactions, as long as it is built, is called open positions. The position held in the hands of traders is called holding. The liquidation refers to the trading behavior of the trader, and the way of knotting is to make the opposite hedge trading for the direction of the position.

Due to the different meaning of opening and liquidation, traders must indicate whether to open a position or close position when buying and selling futures contracts.

example: A certain investor bought the March 30th 300th Index Futures (Zhang) on December 30, and the transaction price was 1450 points. Hold the position. By January 10 next year, the investor saw the futures price rose to 1500 points, so he sold 5 -handed stock index futures at this price at this price. After the transaction, the investor actually held 5 hands and multiple orders left. If the investor was reported to the Times of the day to sell 5 -handed stock index futures in the March. After the transaction, the investor's actual position should be 15 hands, 10 hands, and 5 -handed positions.

This: refers to the negative number of investor accounts. It shows that investors not only lose all the margin, but also owe futures brokerage companies' debt. Due to the day -by -day liquidation system and forced liquidation system of futures transactions, positions will not happen under normal circumstances. However, in some special circumstances, if the market is short, the accounts that hold a heavy position and the opposite direction may occur.

Is when the position is bursting, investors must make up for the deficit in time, otherwise they will face legal pursuit. In order to avoid this situation, special control needs to be controlled, and it is not as good as stock transactions. And to track the market in time, you cannot buy it like stock transactions.

Me long and short: Futures trading implements a two -way trading mechanism, which are both buyers and sellers. In futures transactions, the buyer is called bulls, and the seller is called short. Although the stock market transaction also refers to the buyer as a bullish, the seller is short. However, the seller in the stock transaction must be the person holding the stock, and those without stocks cannot sell it.

The settlement price: refers to the average price of the transaction price on the day of a futures contract. If there is no transaction on the day, the settlement price of the above trading day is the settlement price of the day. The settlement price is the basis for the settlement of the profit and loss of the unsuitled contract on the day and the formulation of the limit of the limit of the next trading day.

The volume: refers to the bilateral number of all transaction contracts during the transaction during the day of a certain futures contract.

This position: refers to the bilateral number of unlatic dwells held by futures traders.

The total positioning: the total number of "unbound contracts" on the market's futures contract on the market. In the market information released on the exchange, there is a "total position" column.

The changes in total positioning reflects investors' interest in the contract of the contract. It is an important indicator for investors to participate in the contract. If the total number of warehouses continues to grow, it indicates that both parties to the transaction are opening the position, and investors' interest in the contract is growing, and off -site funds are constantly pouring into the contract. On the contrary They are all out of position, and traders' interest in the contract is ebb. Another situation is that when the transaction volume increases, the total amount of positions has not changed much, which indicates that the market is mainly based on renewal transactions.

The change of hand -changing transactions: There are "multi -heading" and "short -to -hand" in the change of hand -changing transactions. It is called "multi -heading hands"; "short -term switching" means that the original traders were buying a liquidation, but the new short was sold.
The transaction instructions: There are three instructions for stock index futures transactions: market price instructions, price limit instructions, and cancellation instructions. The transaction instructions are valid on the day. Before the instruction is transmitted, customers can file a change or cancellation.

It, market price instructions: refers to the instructions that do not limit the purchase and sell for the price of the market as the best price of the market.

The instructions: instructions that must be transmitted at a limited or better price when performing execution. It is characterized by the transaction, which must be a customer's expectation or better price.

It, canceling instructions: refers to the instruction that the customer cancels a previous instruction. If the previous instruction has been sold before the cancellation instruction is effective, it is called the cancellation, and the customer must accept the transaction result. If part of the transaction, the remaining part can be revoked by the remaining part.

The set of period preservation: Buying (selling) is equivalent to the number of goods operated in the spot market, and the time limit is similar, but the corresponding futures contract with the opposite direction of the transaction, so as to sell it at a certain time in the future by selling the sale at some time in the future. (Buy) the same futures contract to replace the actual price risk brought by this product or financial instrument due to market price changes.

The margin: The deposit is the exchange of money

for investors to ensure the guarantee of the contract. A amount of funds on its account. According to different properties, the deposit is divided into three types: transaction margin, settlement margin and additional security deposit. Trading margin refers to the funds that investors ensure their performance in the exchange of special settlement accounts, and they are margin occupied by the contract; the settlement margin is the remaining part of the investor in the exchanges' dedicated settlement account and removed the remaining part of the trading deposit that has been occupied by the exchange. Essence Adding margin refers to if the equity of the investor account was smaller than the positioning deposit on the day, it means that the balance of funds is negative, and it also means that the deposit is insufficient. According to regulations, the futures brokerage company will notify the account owner to make up the deposit before opening the market on the next trading day. This is called additional deposit.

Forced liquidation: If the account owner did not make up the deposit before opening the market on the next trading day, according to the regulations, the futures brokerage company can implement some or all of the positions of the account of the account. Until the retained margin meets the requirements.

Displicable restrictions: that is, the transaction site limit. The maximum limit of the exchanges to the number of certain futures contracts stipulated in investors is to manage market risks from the perspective of market share distribution.

The bidding method: computer matching transactions. Computer matching transactions are an automated trading method designed based on the principle of public screaming. It has the advantages of accurate, continuous, fast speed, and large capacity.

The early futures transaction, because there is no computer, the public price method is adopted during the transaction. There are usually two forms of publicly screaming methods: First, a continuous auction (dynamic disk), refers to the face -to -face price of traders in the exchange trading pool, expressing their requirements for their own buying or selling contracts. This bidding method is the mainstream of futures transactions, and the European and American futures market adopts this method. The advantage of this method is that the atmosphere in the field is active, but the defect is that the size of the personnel is limited by the venue. Many traders were crowded in the trading pool, and their voice was full of voices, so that traders had to use gestures to help pass trading information. Another shortcoming is that on -site traders have more information and time advantages than traders outside the field. Raising hats often become a patent for traders on the court.

The public shouting another form is a one -price system in Japan. One section and one price system divides each trading day into several sections, and one contract in each trading has only one price. Each trading is called by the host first, and the trader on the venue reports to the number of buying and selling according to its price. When the number of transactions between the buyers and sellers is equal at a price. After the popularization of computer technology, exchanges around the world have adopted computers instead of the original open -minded approach.

2. Basic features of futures transactions: The object of futures transactions is standardized contracts. Futures contract refers to the standardized, legal constraints that are traded in the exchange formulated by the futures exchange and stipulated in a certain time and place in a certain time and place in the future.

Chopida transactions are a standardized transaction. Standardization refers to all the terms of futures contracts in the process of futures transactions. All terms of futures contracts are pre -stipulated.

The long -to -short two -way trading system.
The futures transaction implementation T 0 transaction system.
Futures transactions are a differential margin transaction.
The futures transactions are carried out day by day, and the daily liability settlement system is implemented. Refers to the daily

In the transaction, the exchanges settle the profit and loss, transaction margin, handling fees, taxes and other fees of all contracts on the day of the settlement price. Increase or reduce members' settlement reserve. The futures brokerage company settled the customer based on the settlement results of the futures exchange and notified the customer in time to notify the customer in time.

This marketing system and market -by -time market, daily liability settlement system is a unique system for controlling market risks.

3. The differences and differences between futures transactions and stock transactions:

connection: all capital investment, belonging to the financial market category, so in investment

concepts, methods, and technical indicators have the same aspects. People engaged in stocks and foreign exchange investment are more likely to enter the futures market, and it is also easier to master futures investment skills.

(1) Different investment objects: stocks belong to spot transactions, have clear investment targets, futures investment belongs to futures transactions. It is a future transaction. The object is the contract. If it is delivered in a certain period of the future, then the current transaction is a sale of future commodities. If it is not delivered, then the current transaction is only an expectation, a expectation of future price trends.

(2) Different capital use efficiency: stock transactions implement a full cash transaction, and the amount of investor funds determines the amount of transaction volume. In the face of emergencies, the scheduling of funds will become restricted investment. The main problem of transaction. Futures transactions implement a margin system. The general margin ratio is about 5%-8%, and the funds are obvious. Under the premise of controlling risks, investors in the face of emergencies can have enough time and funds to operate.

(3) Different transaction mechanisms: Stock transactions are a current (real) cargo transaction. At present, the stock market does not have shorting mechanisms. Futures transactions are largely a virtual transaction with two short and short transaction mechanisms, and the T 0 transaction settlement system is implemented.

(4) Different risk control methods: Although stocks and futures transactions have stipulated the risk control system, such as the rising and daily limit board system, but because of the relationship of the system, the current system venture capital of the stock market is It is difficult for those who are difficult to avoid and lack the short -term mechanism. Investors to avoid market risks can only sell stocks. Because futures transactions have two forms of long and short forms, the means of controlling market risks, in addition to common general forms, also You can use the hedging function to avoid market risks. The restriction system and compulsory liquidation system of futures transactions are also the main risk control system that is different from stock transactions.

(5) Different analysis methods: The technical analysis method is common; but from the perspective of fundamental analysis methods, because the target of futures investment is mainly commodity futures, the characteristics of the price trend of the product itself are very important. The characteristics of commodity prices are mainly reflected in the supply and demand of goods, and the basic factors affecting the price of commodity prices are relatively clear and fixed. The fundamentals of stock fundamentals are mainly the operating status of listed companies.

(6) The disclosure and transparency of the information: The futures market is more transparent than the information of the stock market, and the information communication channel is more clear.

(7) It is important to emphasize that the social and economic functions of futures transactions and stock transactions are also inconsistent. Stocks provide re -allocation functions for fundraising and social resources, and futures transactions provide avoiding risks and price discovery functions.
4. Futures of futures transactions:

In found price: Because futures transactions are publicly carried out a contract with long -term delivery r
A large number of market supply and demand information is concentrated in the market. Different people, different locations, different understandings of various information, and different views on long -term prices through public bidding forms. The futures transaction process is actually a comprehensive reflecting the expectations of the supply and demand relationship and price trend of the supply and demand relationship between the supply and demand parties in the future. This price information has the characteristics of continuity, openness, and expected, which is conducive to increasing market transparency and improving the efficiency of resource allocation.

The example: Hunan Changde City Grain and Oil Corporation uses the Shanghai Grain and Oil Commodity Exchange to guide farmers to create revenue. Prior to 1994, the enthusiasm of farmers planting food in the Changde area declined, and the land was serious. In early 1994, the Changde Municipal Government controlled the expected price of rice in September and October from the Shanghai Grain and Oil Commodity Exchange (the local spot price was below 2,000 yuan/ton, and the price of 10 japonica futures contracts for grain exchange was 2400 yuan/ton. Left and right) guide farmers to expand the planting area of 72,000 acres, and the increase in rice production by 250,000 tons has received good returns. In October of that year, the spot price rose to more than 2350 yuan/ton.

The avoidance risk: The generation of futures transactions provides a place and means to avoid price risks for the spot market. The main principle is to use the two markets of the spot period for the two markets for hedging transactions. In the actual production and operation process, in order to avoid the ever -changing of commodity prices leading to rising costs or decline in profits, it can use futures transactions to preserve the dating, that is, buying or selling in the futures market is equal to the number of in the spot market but the opposite of the transaction direction is the opposite direction. Futures contracts make the profit and loss of futures market transactions. Lock the production cost or product sales price of the enterprise, keep the established profits and avoid price risks.

The set of period preservation: When buying or selling a certain amount of spot products in the spot market, it sells or buys the same, the same number of futures, but the opposite direction in the futures market (Futures contract), to make up for the losses of another market with the profit of one market, and achieve the goal of avoiding price risks.

This futures transactions can be preserved because the spot price of a specific commodity is also affected and restricted by the common economic factors. The existence of the mechanism, in the nearby futures contract delivery period, the future spot price has convergence.

5 thoughts on “designer knock off jewelry wholesale What is futures?”

Adrienne
November 27, 2022 at 11:45 am

jewelry packaging wholesale malaysia Futures are the targets that are traded now, and in the future, the subject matter of the settlement or delivery. This target can be some kind of commodity such as gold, crude oil, agricultural products, financial instruments, or financial indicators. The days of credit futures can be one week, one month later, three months later, or even a year later. The futures market sprouts in Europe.

Log in to Reply
Amy
November 27, 2022 at 11:45 am

tashi jewelry wholesale History of futures:
The English of futures is Futures, which is evolved from the term "future". At a certain time, the real goods are collected, so the Chinese call it "futures".

The initial futures transaction was developed from the spot in the spot. The initial spot forward transaction was an oral promise of the two parties to pay a certain number of goods at a certain time. Oral promise is gradually replaced by the contract. This kind of contract is increasingly complicated and needs to be guaranteed by intermediate people in order to supervise the delivery and payment of the buyers and sellers on schedule. Therefore, the world's first commodity forward contract exchanges opened in London in 1570, the Royal Exchange. In order to adapt to the continuous development of the commodity economy, in 1985, the Chicago Grain Exchange launched a standardized agreement called "futures contract" to replace the long -term contract that was originally used. Using this standardized contract, the contract is allowed to be transferred to buy and sell, and gradually improves the margin system. Therefore, a futures market that specializes in the standardized contract has formed. Futures have become an investment and financial tool for investors.

The basic concept of futures:
Futures are standardized contracts, a uniform, long -term "cargo" contract. Buying and selling futures contracts are actually promising to buy or sell a certain amount of "cargo" ("cargo" can be physical products such as soybean, copper and other financial products in the future, or financial products such as stock indexes and foreign exchange). In a strict sense, futures are not commodities, but a standardized commodity contract. In the contract, the two parties will be traded on some specific commodities or financial assets in the future. Futures transactions are a transaction method compared to spot transactions. It is an organized transaction method developed on the basis of spot transactions and through the standardized futures contracts that trades and sells on the futures exchange. The object of futures transactions is not the product (target) itself, but the standardized contract of the commodity (target).
Inded me to give you a small example in life to help everyone understand. For example, if you go to the flower shop to buy flowers, the current payment is a spot transaction; if you pay for the delivery of the goods when you have a birthday for two months, it is a long -term transaction. The generation of futures transactions stems from spot transactions and long -term transactions, and developed on the basis of long -term transactions. The futures contract mentioned earlier is actually a standardized long -term contract. That is to say, the types, quality, quantities and delivery time, and place in the contract in the contract are stipulated in advance. In this way, the buyers and sellers will not be due to the quality, quantity, delivery location, time and other problems of the product and seller. The main features of futures contracts are:
A. The product varieties, quantities, quality, grades, delivery time, delivery location of futures contracts are all set. It is standardized, and the only variable is the price. The standard for futures contracts is usually designed by the futures exchange and is listed and approved by the state regulatory agency.
B. Futures contract is sold under the organization of the futures exchange, which has legal effect, and the price is generated in the exchange of the exchange. Use computer transactions.
C. The performance of futures contracts is guaranteed by the exchange and is not allowed to trade privately.
D. Futures contracts can perform or lift the contract obligations by settle in spot or hedge transactions.

The components of futures contracts include:
A. transaction variety
B. The number of transactions and units
C. The minimum change price, the quotation must be the minimum change price position Toruction.
D. The maximum fluctuation restriction of the daily price, that is, the daily limit. When the market price rose to the maximum increase, we called the "daily limit board", otherwise, the "daily limit board".
E. Contract month
F. Trading time
G. Last trading day is the last trading day for a certain futures contract to conduct transaction in the contract of the contract;
H. Delivery time: Refers to the time for the contract for this contract;
i. delivery standards and grades
J. delivery location
K. margin
L. transaction procedures The role of the fee

The futures contract is:
1 is to attract the hedging of the hedids to use the futures market to buy and sell contracts, lock the cost, and avoid losses due to the risk of commodity price fluctuations in the spot market.
It is to attract speculators to conduct venture capital transactions and increase market liquidity.

The characteristics of futures transactions
1. The two -way nature of futures transactions: The biggest difference between futures transactions and the stock market is that futures can be traded in two -way, and futures can be bought short or short. When the price rises, you can buy low and sell high, and when the price falls, it can be sold high and low. You can make more money, and you can make money, so there is no bear market for futures.
[In the bear market, the stock market will be depressed and the futures market is still beautiful, the opportunity is still]

. The cost of futures transactions is low: The cost is the transaction fee. The current procedures of the three domestic exchanges are about two or three in ten thousand, and the additional expenses of the brokerage company, the unilateral handling fee is not one thousandth of the transaction volume.
[Low -low cost is a guarantee of success]

3. The leverage of futures transactions:
The principle of leverage is the charm of futures investment. There is no need to pay all the funds in the futures market. At present, domestic futures transactions only need to pay 5%of margin to obtain the right to get future transactions.
The original quotation was amplified by more than ten times due to the use of margin. We assume that the price of copper prices in a day (the daily limit in the futures is only 3%of the previous trading day). The operation is right. Our fund profit margin is 60%(3%÷ 5%). Note.
[There is a chance to make money]

4. "T 0" transaction opportunities to double: the futures are "T 0" transactions, so that your capital application is to the extreme. You are grasping After the trend, you can trade at any time and close the position at any time.
[Convenient entry and exit can increase the security of investment]

5. Futures are zero -harmony market but greater than negative markets: futures are zero -harmony market, and the futures market itself does not create profits. During a certain period of time, the total amount of funds in the futures market is unchanged without considering the inlet and withdrawal of funds, and the profit of market participants comes from the loss of another trader.
The on the bear market in the stock market, the market price has shrunk sharply, coupled with the meager dividends, the state and enterprises absorb funds, and there is no shorting mechanism for shortness. The total amount of funds in the stock market will increase negative growth for a period of time, and the total profit will be less than the loss.
[Zero is always greater than negative numbers]

The characteristics of comprehensive national policy, economic development needs, and futures themselves determine that the futures have a huge room for development.

The differences between futures and stocks:
The investment remuneration is different: Futures transactions can amplify the income due to the leverage of futures trading, four or two pounds. Futures only need to pay less than 10%of the total value of the contract; the stock must be 100%invested, and the amount of interest is required to pay; It can be done more and can be short;

The speculation method of futures is very similar to the stock market, but it is very obvious.
. Big fighting: Stocks are full transactions, that is, how much money can only buy how much stocks, and futures are margin systems, that is, only 5%to 10%of the transaction turnover can be performed. %Of transactions. For example, investors have 10,000 yuan, buying 10 yuan of stocks can buy 1,000 shares, and investment futures can sell 100,000 yuan of commodity futures contracts. This is small fighting.

. Two -way transactions: Stocks are one -way transactions. They can only buy stocks before they can be sold; and futures can be bought or sold first. This is two -way transactions.

. Time constraints: stock transactions have no time limit. If the quilt can be closed for a long time, and the futures must be delivered at the end, otherwise the exchange will be forcibly liquidated or in physical delivery.

. The reality of profit and loss: There are two parts of the return on investment. One is the market difference, and the other is dividend dividends. The profit and loss of futures investment is the actual profit and loss in market transactions.

. Great risk: Futures due to the implementation of the deposit system, additional margin system, and forcibly liquidation due to the expiration, so that it has the characteristics of high remuneration and high risk. In a sense, in a sense , Futures can make you get rich overnight, or you may make you poverty instantly, investors should invest carefully.

1. The concept of futures: The so -called futures, generally referring to the date of date, refers to the uniformly formulated by the futures exchange, stipulated in a certain time and place in the future Essence This target, also known as basic assets, is the spot corresponding to the futures contract. This kind of spot can be a certain product, such as copper or crude oil, or a certain financial instrument, such as foreign exchange, bonds, or a certain financial Indicators, such as three -month peer borrowing interest rate or stock index.
The futures concept also includes an option contract for exchange transactions. Most futures exchanges are listed on future futures and options.
Futures contract content includes: contract name, trading unit, quotation unit, minimum
change price, daily price maximum fluctuation restriction, trading time, last trading date, delivery date, delivery level, delivery, delivery Location, minimum transaction margin, transaction fee, delivery method, transaction code, etc. Futures contract attachments have the same legal effect as futures contracts.

Standard contract style: Dalian Commodity Exchange Huangdou No. 1 Futures Contract

Trading varieties -yellow soybeans
Quotation unit -RMB
The minimum change price -1 yuan/ton
, 11
The trading time -every Monday to Friday 9:00 am to 11:00 am 13: 00-15: 00
The last trading day of the contract Delivery date -On the seventh day of the last trading day (the legal holiday is postponed)
The delivery level -see the attachment
5 %
The transaction fee -4 yuan/hand
Dating method -centralized delivery
The transaction code -A
In listing exchanges -Dalian Commodity Exchange
The minimum indicator of pure grain rate%
skin, impurities%, water%, odor color
-liter- (RMB/ton)
n ...

(2) Features of futures contracts: The product varieties, quantities, quality, grades, delivery time,
The delivery location, etc. Standardized, the only variable is the price. The first standardized futures contract was launched by CBOT in 1865.
The futures contracts are sold under the organization of futures exchange and have legal effect.

The price is generated in the trading hall of the exchange. The price method, and my country uses computer transactions.

The performance of futures contracts is guaranteed by the exchange, and private transactions are not allowed. Trading

is the buyer's seller and the buyer of the seller.

The futures contracts can be performed through liquidation and delivery.

(3) The content of futures contract clauses: minimum change price: refers to the minimum value of the price of the futures contract unit.

The maximum fluctuation restrictions on the daily price: (also known as the daily limit board) refers to the transaction price of futures contracts on a trading day must not be higher or lower than the prescribed rise and fall, which exceeds the ups and downs. The quotation will be considered invalid and cannot be traded.

China contract delivery month: refers to the month when the contract is settled.

The last trading day: refers to the last trading day for a futures contract to conduct transactions during the contract of the contract.

The futures contract trading unit "hand": Futures transactions must be performed with an integer multiple of "one -handed".

The trading price of futures contracts: It is the value -added tax price of the benchmark delivery product of the futures contract on the benchmark delivery warehouse. The contract transaction price includes the opening price, closing price, settlement price, etc.

The buyer of futures contracts, if the contract holds the expiration, then he is obliged to buy the target of the futures contract; and the seller of the futures contract, if the contract holds the expiration, then he There is an obligation to sell the subject matter corresponding to the futures contract (some futures contracts do not perform physical delivery but settle the difference at the expiration. Settlement.) Of course, traders of futures contracts can also choose to carry out the obligation of reverse trading before the contract expires.

(4) The generation of futures transactions: The futures market in the modern sense was born in the United States. In 1848, 82 merchants initiated the Organization of Chicago Futures Exchange (CBOT) to improve transportation and storage conditions Provide information for members; in 1851, Chicago Futures Exchange introduced a long -term contract; the first standardized contract was launched in 1865, and the deposit system was implemented (not more than 10%of the contract value), which is a historic institutional innovation; 1882 1882 The annual exchanges are allowed to avoid performance responsibilities by hedging, increasing the liquidity of futures transactions.

The background of China's futures market is the reform of the grain circulation system. As the state cancels the unified purchase of agricultural products, and the price of most agricultural products has been released, the market's regulation of agricultural products production, circulation and consumption has become increasingly large, the ups and downs of agricultural products and the unfinished and distorted phenomenon of spot prices, agricultural production of agricultural production Suddenly and down and the lack of value preservation mechanisms in grain companies have attracted the attention of leadership and scholars. Whether it can establish a mechanism can not only provide price signals to guide future production and operation activities the key of. In February 1988, the leaders of the State Council instructed the relevant departments to study the foreign futures market system and solve the problem of fluctuations in the price of domestic agricultural products. In March 1988, the "Government Work Report" of the Seventh National People's Congress of the Seventh National People's Congress proposed that actively developing various types of wholesale trade markets, Explore futures transactions. The prelude to the research and construction of the Chinese futures market.

In October 12, 1990 Zhengzhou Grain Wholesale Market was established by the State Council, based on spot transactions, introduced the futures transaction mechanism, and took the first step in the development of the Chinese futures market;

In June 10, 1991, Shenzhen Nonferrous Metal Exchange was established;

In May 28, 1991, Shanghai Metal Commodity Exchange opened;

The first futures brokerage company, Guangdong Wantong Futures Brokerage Company, was established, marking that the Chinese futures market was interrupted for more than 40 years and recovered in China.

(5) Terms related to futures transactions: Open positions, positions and liquidation: buying and selling behaviors in futures transactions, as long as it is built, is called open positions. The position held in the hands of traders is called holding. The liquidation refers to the trading behavior of the trader, and the way of knotting is to make the opposite hedge trading for the direction of the position.

Due to the different meaning of opening and liquidation, traders must indicate whether to open a position or close position when buying and selling futures contracts.

example: A certain investor bought the March 30th 300th Index Futures (Zhang) on December 30, and the transaction price was 1450 points. Hold the position. By January 10 next year, the investor saw the futures price rose to 1500 points, so he sold 5 -handed stock index futures at this price at this price. After the transaction, the investor actually held 5 hands and multiple orders left. If the investor was reported to the Times of the day to sell 5 -handed stock index futures in the March. After the transaction, the investor's actual position should be 15 hands, 10 hands, and 5 -handed positions.

This: refers to the negative number of investor accounts. It shows that investors not only lose all the margin, but also owe futures brokerage companies' debt. Due to the day -by -day liquidation system and forced liquidation system of futures transactions, positions will not happen under normal circumstances. However, in some special circumstances, if the market is short, the accounts that hold a heavy position and the opposite direction may occur.

Is when the position is bursting, investors must make up for the deficit in time, otherwise they will face legal pursuit. In order to avoid this situation, special control needs to be controlled, and it is not as good as stock transactions. And to track the market in time, you cannot buy it like stock transactions.

Me long and short: Futures trading implements a two -way trading mechanism, which are both buyers and sellers. In futures transactions, the buyer is called bulls, and the seller is called short. Although the stock market transaction also refers to the buyer as a bullish, the seller is short. However, the seller in the stock transaction must be the person holding the stock, and those without stocks cannot sell it.

The settlement price: refers to the average price of the transaction price on the day of a futures contract. If there is no transaction on the day, the settlement price of the above trading day is the settlement price of the day. The settlement price is the basis for the settlement of the profit and loss of the unsuitled contract on the day and the formulation of the limit of the limit of the next trading day.

The volume: refers to the bilateral number of all transaction contracts during the transaction during the day of a certain futures contract.

This position: refers to the bilateral number of unlatic dwells held by futures traders.

The total positioning: the total number of "unbound contracts" on the market's futures contract on the market. In the market information released on the exchange, there is a "total position" column.

The changes in total positioning reflects investors' interest in the contract of the contract. It is an important indicator for investors to participate in the contract. If the total number of warehouses continues to grow, it indicates that both parties to the transaction are opening the position, and investors' interest in the contract is growing, and off -site funds are constantly pouring into the contract. On the contrary They are all out of position, and traders' interest in the contract is ebb. Another situation is that when the transaction volume increases, the total amount of positions has not changed much, which indicates that the market is mainly based on renewal transactions.

The change of hand -changing transactions: There are "multi -heading" and "short -to -hand" in the change of hand -changing transactions. It is called "multi -heading hands"; "short -term switching" means that the original traders were buying a liquidation, but the new short was sold.
The transaction instructions: There are three instructions for stock index futures transactions: market price instructions, price limit instructions, and cancellation instructions. The transaction instructions are valid on the day. Before the instruction is transmitted, customers can file a change or cancellation.

It, market price instructions: refers to the instructions that do not limit the purchase and sell for the price of the market as the best price of the market.

The instructions: instructions that must be transmitted at a limited or better price when performing execution. It is characterized by the transaction, which must be a customer's expectation or better price.

It, canceling instructions: refers to the instruction that the customer cancels a previous instruction. If the previous instruction has been sold before the cancellation instruction is effective, it is called the cancellation, and the customer must accept the transaction result. If part of the transaction, the remaining part can be revoked by the remaining part.

The set of period preservation: Buying (selling) is equivalent to the number of goods operated in the spot market, and the time limit is similar, but the corresponding futures contract with the opposite direction of the transaction, so as to sell it at a certain time in the future by selling the sale at some time in the future. (Buy) the same futures contract to replace the actual price risk brought by this product or financial instrument due to market price changes.

The margin: The deposit is the exchange of money

for investors to ensure the guarantee of the contract. A amount of funds on its account. According to different properties, the deposit is divided into three types: transaction margin, settlement margin and additional security deposit. Trading margin refers to the funds that investors ensure their performance in the exchange of special settlement accounts, and they are margin occupied by the contract; the settlement margin is the remaining part of the investor in the exchanges' dedicated settlement account and removed the remaining part of the trading deposit that has been occupied by the exchange. Essence Adding margin refers to if the equity of the investor account was smaller than the positioning deposit on the day, it means that the balance of funds is negative, and it also means that the deposit is insufficient. According to regulations, the futures brokerage company will notify the account owner to make up the deposit before opening the market on the next trading day. This is called additional deposit.

Forced liquidation: If the account owner did not make up the deposit before opening the market on the next trading day, according to the regulations, the futures brokerage company can implement some or all of the positions of the account of the account. Until the retained margin meets the requirements.

Displicable restrictions: that is, the transaction site limit. The maximum limit of the exchanges to the number of certain futures contracts stipulated in investors is to manage market risks from the perspective of market share distribution.

The bidding method: computer matching transactions. Computer matching transactions are an automated trading method designed based on the principle of public screaming. It has the advantages of accurate, continuous, fast speed, and large capacity.

The early futures transaction, because there is no computer, the public price method is adopted during the transaction. There are usually two forms of publicly screaming methods: First, a continuous auction (dynamic disk), refers to the face -to -face price of traders in the exchange trading pool, expressing their requirements for their own buying or selling contracts. This bidding method is the mainstream of futures transactions, and the European and American futures market adopts this method. The advantage of this method is that the atmosphere in the field is active, but the defect is that the size of the personnel is limited by the venue. Many traders were crowded in the trading pool, and their voice was full of voices, so that traders had to use gestures to help pass trading information. Another shortcoming is that on -site traders have more information and time advantages than traders outside the field. Raising hats often become a patent for traders on the court.

The public shouting another form is a one -price system in Japan. One section and one price system divides each trading day into several sections, and one contract in each trading has only one price. Each trading is called by the host first, and the trader on the venue reports to the number of buying and selling according to its price. When the number of transactions between the buyers and sellers is equal at a price. After the popularization of computer technology, exchanges around the world have adopted computers instead of the original open -minded approach.

2. Basic features of futures transactions: The object of futures transactions is standardized contracts. Futures contract refers to the standardized, legal constraints that are traded in the exchange formulated by the futures exchange and stipulated in a certain time and place in a certain time and place in the future.

Chopida transactions are a standardized transaction. Standardization refers to all the terms of futures contracts in the process of futures transactions. All terms of futures contracts are pre -stipulated.

The long -to -short two -way trading system.
The futures transaction implementation T 0 transaction system.
Futures transactions are a differential margin transaction.
The futures transactions are carried out day by day, and the daily liability settlement system is implemented. Refers to the daily

In the transaction, the exchanges settle the profit and loss, transaction margin, handling fees, taxes and other fees of all contracts on the day of the settlement price. Increase or reduce members' settlement reserve. The futures brokerage company settled the customer based on the settlement results of the futures exchange and notified the customer in time to notify the customer in time.

This marketing system and market -by -time market, daily liability settlement system is a unique system for controlling market risks.

3. The differences and differences between futures transactions and stock transactions:

connection: all capital investment, belonging to the financial market category, so in investment

concepts, methods, and technical indicators have the same aspects. People engaged in stocks and foreign exchange investment are more likely to enter the futures market, and it is also easier to master futures investment skills.

:

(1) Different investment objects: stocks belong to spot transactions, have clear investment targets, futures investment belongs to futures transactions. It is a future transaction. The object is the contract. If it is delivered in a certain period of the future, then the current transaction is a sale of future commodities. If it is not delivered, then the current transaction is only an expectation, a expectation of future price trends.

(2) Different capital use efficiency: stock transactions implement a full cash transaction, and the amount of investor funds determines the amount of transaction volume. In the face of emergencies, the scheduling of funds will become restricted investment. The main problem of transaction. Futures transactions implement a margin system. The general margin ratio is about 5%-8%, and the funds are obvious. Under the premise of controlling risks, investors in the face of emergencies can have enough time and funds to operate.

(3) Different transaction mechanisms: Stock transactions are a current (real) cargo transaction. At present, the stock market does not have shorting mechanisms. Futures transactions are largely a virtual transaction with two short and short transaction mechanisms, and the T 0 transaction settlement system is implemented.

(4) Different risk control methods: Although stocks and futures transactions have stipulated the risk control system, such as the rising and daily limit board system, but because of the relationship of the system, the current system venture capital of the stock market is It is difficult for those who are difficult to avoid and lack the short -term mechanism. Investors to avoid market risks can only sell stocks. Because futures transactions have two forms of long and short forms, the means of controlling market risks, in addition to common general forms, also You can use the hedging function to avoid market risks. The restriction system and compulsory liquidation system of futures transactions are also the main risk control system that is different from stock transactions.

(5) Different analysis methods: The technical analysis method is common; but from the perspective of fundamental analysis methods, because the target of futures investment is mainly commodity futures, the characteristics of the price trend of the product itself are very important. The characteristics of commodity prices are mainly reflected in the supply and demand of goods, and the basic factors affecting the price of commodity prices are relatively clear and fixed. The fundamentals of stock fundamentals are mainly the operating status of listed companies.

(6) The disclosure and transparency of the information: The futures market is more transparent than the information of the stock market, and the information communication channel is more clear.

(7) It is important to emphasize that the social and economic functions of futures transactions and stock transactions are also inconsistent. Stocks provide re -allocation functions for fundraising and social resources, and futures transactions provide avoiding risks and price discovery functions.
4. Futures of futures transactions:

In found price: Because futures transactions are publicly carried out a contract with long -term delivery r
A large number of market supply and demand information is concentrated in the market. Different people, different locations, different understandings of various information, and different views on long -term prices through public bidding forms. The futures transaction process is actually a comprehensive reflecting the expectations of the supply and demand relationship and price trend of the supply and demand relationship between the supply and demand parties in the future. This price information has the characteristics of continuity, openness, and expected, which is conducive to increasing market transparency and improving the efficiency of resource allocation.

The example: Hunan Changde City Grain and Oil Corporation uses the Shanghai Grain and Oil Commodity Exchange to guide farmers to create revenue. Prior to 1994, the enthusiasm of farmers planting food in the Changde area declined, and the land was serious. In early 1994, the Changde Municipal Government controlled the expected price of rice in September and October from the Shanghai Grain and Oil Commodity Exchange (the local spot price was below 2,000 yuan/ton, and the price of 10 japonica futures contracts for grain exchange was 2400 yuan/ton. Left and right) guide farmers to expand the planting area of 72,000 acres, and the increase in rice production by 250,000 tons has received good returns. In October of that year, the spot price rose to more than 2350 yuan/ton.

The avoidance risk: The generation of futures transactions provides a place and means to avoid price risks for the spot market. The main principle is to use the two markets of the spot period for the two markets for hedging transactions. In the actual production and operation process, in order to avoid the ever -changing of commodity prices leading to rising costs or decline in profits, it can use futures transactions to preserve the dating, that is, buying or selling in the futures market is equal to the number of in the spot market but the opposite of the transaction direction is the opposite direction. Futures contracts make the profit and loss of futures market transactions. Lock the production cost or product sales price of the enterprise, keep the established profits and avoid price risks.

The set of period preservation: When buying or selling a certain amount of spot products in the spot market, it sells or buys the same, the same number of futures, but the opposite direction in the futures market (Futures contract), to make up for the losses of another market with the profit of one market, and achieve the goal of avoiding price risks.

This futures transactions can be preserved because the spot price of a specific commodity is also affected and restricted by the common economic factors. The existence of the mechanism, in the nearby futures contract delivery period, the future spot price has convergence.

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Dwayne
November 27, 2022 at 11:45 am

christian costume jewelry wholesale Usually what we call futures refers to futures contracts. Based on this contract, the trader can buy or sell a certain amount of commodity or financial assets at a certain time at a certain time in the future. The risk of preventing price changes can also be used to engage in speculation. Futures transactions can amplify the income due to the leveraged principle of its deposit, four or two pounds. Futures only need to pay less than 10%of the total value of the contract; the stock must invest 100%of the capital, and the amount of interest must be paid.
The content of this article comes from: China Legal Publishing House "Legal Life Common Sense of Legal Life Series"

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Micheal
November 27, 2022 at 11:45 am

buy china jewelry wholesale The so -called futures transactions refer to the trading behavior of the traded parties on the futures exchange. Futures trading is a new type of transaction method developed on the basis of spot transactions and through a standardized futures contract in the futures exchange. The transaction follows the principle of "openness, fairness, and justice".
The buy futures are called "buy short" or "bulls", that is, multi -heading, selling futures is called "short" or "short", that is, short trading. The trading of futures transactions, also known as the establishment of transaction parts in the futures market, buying short -term heading parts, and selling short areas to establish short parts. The trading behavior of starting to buy or sell futures contracts is called "open positions" or "establishment of trading parts". The trader holds a contract called "holding the position". The liquidation "or" hedge ", if the delivery month, the contract in the hand of the trader has not shedped, then the person holding the empty head contract must prepare the real goods and prepare for the delivery. Essence Under normal circumstances, most of the contracts are settled before expiry, and only a few of them need to be delivered.

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Chris
November 27, 2022 at 11:45 am

wholesale beads jewelry supplies For example, today I took a hundred dollars to buy pork. At that time, I had 10 yuan a pound of pork. I should buy 10 pounds of pork home. However, I spent 100 yuan for 10 pounds of pork futures. It agreed that two years later they were delivered today. In those two years, it was the futures period. 10 pounds of pork was the futures of futures.
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