native american wholesale jewelry What is Cors? Intersection

Clyde

November 29, 2022 at 1:32 pm

wholesale jewelry in bali With the rapid progress and application of GPS technology, its role in urban measurement has become increasingly important. At present, the continuous running satellite positioning service comprehensive system (REFERENCE SYSTEM (CORS) has become one of the development hotspots of urban GPS applications. The CORS system is a product of high -tech multi -directional and deep crystallization of satellite positioning technology, computer network technology, digital communication technology.
CORS system consists of five parts: the reference station network, the data processing center, the data transmission system, the positioning navigation data broadcast system, and the user application system. Special network.
The reference site network: The reference station network consists of the reference station uniformly distributed within the range. Responsible for collecting GPS satellite observation data and transporting to data processing centers, while providing systematic monitoring services.
Data processing center: System control center, which is used to receive data from the benchmark stations, perform data processing, forms a multi -benchmark station difference to locate user data, forms a certain format data file, and distributes it to users. The data processing center is the core unit of CORS, and it is also the key to the real -time dynamic positioning of high -precision real -time dynamic positioning. The center of the center continuously continuously performs the overall modeling solution in the region according to the real -time observation data collected by the benchmark stations, and automatically generates a virtual reference station corresponding to the mobile station (including the reference station coordinates and GPS observation information) and and and and and the Through the existing data communication network and wireless data broadcast network, users who need measurement and navigation to measure and navigation are provided in the international general format to provide code phase/carrier phase differential correction information in order to solve the accurate point of the mobile station in real time.
Data transmission system: The data transmission system is transmitted to the monitoring and analysis center through the optical fiber dedicated line. The system includes data transmission hardware equipment and software control modules.
The data broadcasting system: The system broadcasts positioning navigation data to users through mobile networks, UHF radio, Internet and other forms.
The user application system: Including user information receiving systems, network -type RTK positioning systems, afterwards and fast and precision positioning systems, and autonomous navigation systems and monitoring positioning systems. According to the accuracy of the application, the user service subsystem can be divided into millimeter -level user systems, centimeters -level user systems, divided rice -level user systems, and rice user systems. According to the user's application, it can be divided into surveying and engineering users ( Centimeter, rice levels), vehicle navigation and positioning users (rice grade), high -precision users (after -after processing), meteorological users and other categories.
The CORS system has completely changed the traditional RTK measurement method. The main advantage is reflected in: 1) the scope of improvement of the initialization time and expanding the effective work; Work efficiency; 3) with a comprehensive data monitoring system, it can effectively eliminate system errors and weekly jumps, and enhance the reliability of differential operations; 4) Users do not need to set up reference stations to truly realize single -machine operations and reduce costs; 5) Use a fixed reliable data chain communication method to reduce noise interference; 6) Provide remote internet services to achieve data sharing; 7) expand the application scope of GPS in the dynamic field, which is more conducive to precision navigation of vehicles, aircraft and ships ; 8) Provide new opportunities for building a digital city.
CORS system is only a dynamic, continuous positioning framework benchmark. It is also an important urban infrastructure with fast and high -precision acquisition of spatial data and geographical characteristics. High reliability and real -time positioning information, and the complete unity of urban surveying data, this will have a profound impact on the collection and application system of modern urban basic geographical information systems. It can not only establish and maintain the benchmark framework for urban surveying and mapping, but also provide high -precision space and time information in fully, all -weather, and real -time, and become the basis for regional planning, management and decision -making. This system can also provide differential positioning information, develop new applications of traffic navigation, and provide high -precision, high time and space resolution, all -weather, near -real -time, and continuous precipitation steam volume change sequence, and then gradually form regional catastrophic weather Monitoring forecast system. In addition, the CORS system can be used to synchronize the high -precision time in communication systems and power systems, and can provide monitoring and forecast services on ground settlement, geological disasters, earthquakes, etc., and study and discuss disasters evolution.
The continuous operation reference station system (CORS) can be defined as one or several fixed, continuous running GPS reference stations, using the network composed of modern computers, data communication and Internet (LAN / WAN) technology, in real time towards it in real time to Users of different types, different needs, and different levels automatically provide different types of GPS observation values (carrier phase, pseudo -spacing), various correction numbers, status information, and other systems related to GPS service items. Compared with traditional GPS operations, continuous operation stations have many advantages such as wide range of function, high accuracy, and wild single -machine operations.
1. The current status and background at home and abroad
1.1 Foreign CORS Development Overview
The characteristics of the measurement and development of international land are the establishment of a satellite navigation system with all -weather, global coverage, high precision, dynamic, and real -time positioning. Establish a corresponding permanent continuous GPS reference station on the ground. At present, the more developed countries in the world have established or are establishing a continuous operation reference station system (CORS).
The GPS continuous running reference station system (CORS) in the United States. It is responsible for the US National Land Survey (NGS). The current goal of the system is: ① to enable users in all US fields to make more convenient use of the system to achieve the positioning and navigation of the centimeter level; Develop GIS; ③ Monitor the shape of the ground shell; ④ Support the application of remote sensing; ⑤ Find the distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere; ⑥ Monitor the free electronic concentration and distribution of the electrical ionization layer.
Until May 2001, CORS has more than 160 stations. The US NGS announced that in order to strengthen CORS, from now on, the speed of the system is improved at the speed of 3 stations a month. CORS's data and information include the pseudo -distance and phase information, station coordinates, station mobile rate vectors, GPS stars, meteorological data around the station, etc. Users can easily download through information networks, such as Internet.
The function and goals of the continuous running GPS reference station (COGRS) of the United Kingdom are similar to the above CORS, but combined with the British local situation, there is a task to monitor the relative and absolute changes of the sea levels around the British Three Islands. There are currently nearly 60 GPS running stations.
The national satellite positioning network in Germany consists of more than 100 permanent GPS tracking stations. It also provides 4 different levels of services: ① real -time DGPS (accuracy is ± 1 ～ 3 m); ② centimeter -time real -time difference GPS (accuracy is 1 to 5 cm); ③ quasi -real -time positioning of 1cm; ④ ④ High -precision land positioning (accuracy is better than 1 cm).
It other European countries, even if Finland, Switzerland, etc., which are relatively small in territorial area, have built a permanent GPS tracking network with similar functions. Atmosphere provides scientific data.
In Asia, Japan has built nearly 1,200 GPS continuously running network network comprehensive service systems -Geonet. On the basis of the main function of monitoring the earthquake prediction of the crustal movement, it is currently combining services such as GPS real -time positioning, differential positioning, GPS meteorology, vehicle monitoring and other services in conjunction with the land measurement department, meteorological department, and traffic management departments.
1.2 Domestic CORS Development Overview
Ap with the improvement of national informatization and the rapid development of computer networks and communication technology, the engineeringization and engineering of e -government, e -commerce, digital cities, digital provinces, and digital earth Realization needs to collect a variety of real -time geographical space data. Therefore, the urgency and necessity of China's development of CORS systems are becoming more and more prominent. Over the past few years, different domestic industries have established some professional satellite positioning networks. At present, in order to meet the needs of the informationization of national economic construction, a large number of cities, provinces and regions, and industries are planning to establish similar continuous network systems. The construction climax of a continuous operation station network system is coming.
It Shenzhen has established my country's first continuous operation reference station system (SZCORS), which has begun to measure the application in an all -round way. Some provinces and cities across the country have also been initially completed or are establishing similar provincial and municipal CORS systems, such as: Guangdong Province, Jiangsu, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Chengdu, Wuhan, Kunming, Chongqing, etc.
The CDCORS established by the Sichuan Earthquake Administration has been running for more than three years. The original main purpose was to monitor the earthquake disaster in the Sichuan region, but through the excavation of its potential functions, it developed and utilized in GPS land measurement. Login, open the right to use the network to the outside world, realize the real -time high -precision differential positioning of the user GPS, and achieve a certain amount of benefits.
2. Establishing the necessity and significance of CORS
"Space Data Infrastructure" is a necessary infrastructure for the information society and the era of knowledge economy. The urban continuous operation reference station system (CORS) is the most important part of "Space Data Infrastructure", which can obtain the location, time information and related dynamic changes of various types of space. By constructing several permanently continuously run GPS reference stations, providing various international universal base site coordinates and GPS measurement data to meet the requirements for accuracy, fast and real -time positioning, and navigation requirements of various industries to meet the requirements of various industries. Urban planning, land surveying and mapping, cadastral management, urban and rural construction, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, traffic monitoring, mining measurement and other modern information management social requirements. The necessity and significance of establishing CORS are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) The establishment of Cors can greatly improve the accuracy, speed and efficiency of surveying and mapping, reduce the intensity and cost of surveying and mapping The cost, save about 30% of the control measurement expenses in the implementation of various surveying and mapping projects. Due to the acceleration of urban construction, the GPS-C, D, and E-level control points are greatly damaged. Generally, it is necessary to reorganize in 5-8 years. As for the root control on the road, it is basically gone. Each surveying and mapping unit either spend a lot of manpower reorganization or still in a branch. This will not only ensure accuracy, but also cause a lot of waste of manpower and material resources. With the construction and continuous operation of the CORS base station, a network with a permanent base station is formed. Therefore, you can use the built -up CORS system to develop and use it to collect and use it. The charge standard can be formulated according to the investment and actual situation of various places. Of course, this is more social benefits.
(2) The establishment of Cors can conduct real -time, effective, and long -term deformation monitoring of engineering construction, and quickly forecast disasters. The completion of the CORS project will provide accurate real -time GPS positioning services for many areas such as meteorological, car and boat navigation positioning, objects and comprehensives, public security fire protection, surveying and mapping, GIS applications, etc., which will greatly speed up the city's basic geographical information construction Essence
(3) CORS will be an important part of urban informationization, and thus establish a three -dimensional, dynamic, and grounded coordinate reference framework for urban space infrastructure, so as to realize the real city location information surface Digitalization. CORS building can make more departments and more people use GPS high -precision services, which will definitely play an important role in urban economic construction. It is inestimable to bring the huge social and economic benefits to the city, and it will provide a good construction and investment environment for cities.
3. The development of CORS in the south
The CORS systems in different industries in China are basically independent. The data of many units shared and used in the unit and even the department. At present, the CORS station construction plan on the domestic market is more than millions or even tens of millions of capital investment. Compared to those units that only stay in small -scale applications for CORS, it seems that the input and output are too unbalanced, resulting in many industries and units It can only be discouraged to the CORS system.
In response to this situation, the Southern Company proposed "serving the current, future-oriented South-Cors solution". South-Cors provides a complete set of solutions from single-based stations to polytestelling and multi-base network systems. In the case of conditional conditions, several SOUTH-CORS single-base stations add a set of central controller software to seamlessly upgrade to the southern network CORS. This expansion solution allows different user units to choose the best according to their own needs. s solution.
The CORS single -based station system launched by Southern Company has been completed in Jincheng, Heilongjiang Harbin, Shandong Laizhou, Shaanxi Xianyang, Luoyang, Henan, Hubei Suizhou, Xianning, Guangdong Daya Bay, Sanshui and other cities. Hubei Yichang, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Shihezi, Xinjiang, Kui Tun, and Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan have been successfully applied.
3.1 Southern Single -based Station COS
3.1.1 The characteristics of COS COS single -based station
Investment less
With the maturity of Southern Single -based Station technology, as long as fewer investment Establish a CORS base station in small and medium -sized cities to meet the needs of local measurement users at different levels of space information technology services: the urban areas and suburbs of the base station, the main transportation of the city import and export, and the urban urban and rural areas of the districts in the area of 30 kilometers centered on the base station are realized. Quick centimeter -level real -time positioning and post -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -later differences.
The can be upgraded and expanded at any time
The single -based station system can increase new base stations at any time to increase the coverage area of real -time RTK operations. Once the conditions of the virtual reference station system are mature, as long as the system software is upgraded, it costs to spend. With a small investment, the single reference station system can be easily upgraded into a virtual reference station network system.
The data is reliable, stable, secure
The continuous observation of the base station, static data collected all over the weather, high point accuracy, stable data; user login adopts authorization method, data centers can manage login users, high data security.
The operating range is wide
The RTK operating radius based on Southern Single -based Station has expanded to 30 kilometers, which can achieve fast centimeter -time real -time positioning and post -after -to -after -difference. It's not uncommon.
The construction cycle short
The reference station technology has shown that it is a relatively mature technology. From the implementation of the plan to start procurement equipment, install and debug, to the entire cycle of acceptance operation, within 1 month.
3.1.2 The goals and content of the single -based station scheme
The Southern Single -based station CORS solution is: establish and maintain the support of GPS reference stations in the measurement area, and provide a complete set of GPS engineering technical standards for the system The specific items are:
(1) Build a GPS positioning benchmark station with permanent continuous observation.
(2) Create a network system that provides the benchmark network service.
(3) Establish data transmission of the internal local area network of the reference station and the system management center.
(4) Data information provided by measuring users with real -time difference and static processing of RTK.
3.1.3 System principle
The single -based station CORS is that there is only one continuous reference station. Similar to RTK, which is similar to OnePlus or OnePlus N, the benchmark station is replaced by a continuously run benchmark. It organically combines satellite positioning technology and geographical information technology, geographical information technology, communication technology and advanced software development technology in the field of cutting -edge technology, providing users with new, transparent, visible, and real -time measurement services. On the benchmark station, there is a state of control software monitoring the status, storage and sending relevant data of the satellite in real time. At the same time, a server provides network differential services and user management.
3.1.4 System operating process
The consecutive observation of GPS satellite signals to obtain the "LAN Star Calendar" and other correction parameters of the region and the time period. Data packaging storage and sending the satellite information of the benchmark station to the designated location of the EAGLE software on the server.
The mobile station users receive signals from positioning satellites and solve geographical coordinates.
The data communication module of mobile station users can enter the user unit GPS for differential solution through the local area network from the specified location of the server to obtain the benchmark station.
Pascasia users can download the static data of the synchronous time from the benchmark station software to the baseline after completing the static measurement in the field.
3.2 Southern Network CORS
The Southern Network CORS technology is becoming more mature. Composition, provides users with
for users in real time
3.2.1 Southern Network CORS Features
The determination of surveying and mapping benchmarks of the entire region or province
, High work efficiency, a long -term benefit of investment, providing a stable and unified reference coordinate system to sharing all users, standardizing basic surveying and mapping data
The data accuracy is high
Coordinates and real -time observation data are used for comprehensive errors to cover the coverage area, and the system comprehensive errors of observation data of mobile stations in the area as much as possible are eliminated as much as possible.
This can also meet the differences in real -time in terms of different needs, and can provide RTK, DGPS, static or post -dynamic post -processing and high -precision real -time positioning data services at the same time Objectives of the scheme
(1) Establish a unified coordinate framework with IGS stations in multiple reference stations
(2) Real -time solution of the fuzzyness of the entire network and establish a real -time correction model (including the stream layer Reform, ionization layer correction and rail correction)
(3) Support the NTRIP protocol of GPS differential network transmission protocols that support universal GPS differential networks, and support various models of GPS access services at home and abroad
(4) Realize user management, Reasonable allocation of use permissions, strengthen the control of terminal equipment
3.2.3 System principle
The network Cors consist of multiple continuous reference stations distributed in a certain area. It integrates the development of network RTK technology, GPS motherboard technology, computer network technology, and data communication technology. In real time, users of different types of GPS observations (carrier waves (carrier wave Phase, pseudo -distance), various correction numbers, status information, and other related GPS services.
3.2.4 System operating process
(1) The point test of CORS station with certain WGS84 (or ITRF, because the difference between the two is very small) The accurate coordinates in WGS84
(2) The mobile station sends its own rough position (GGA) to the data processing center. The data processing center selects three reference stations around the user, and a benchmark for virtual virtuality near the user according to the correction model is based on the correction model. Station, send the data of the virtual benchmark station to the mobility station in the same way as the conventional RTK
(3) server software monitoring and managing the user authority and operation of the mobile station

3 thoughts on “native american wholesale jewelry What is Cors? Intersection”

Delbert
November 29, 2022 at 1:32 pm

where do wholesalers buy their jewelry in china The full name of CORS Operation Reference Station, the Chinese name continuously runs the reference station. It is a product of high -tech multi -directional and deep crystals such as satellite positioning technology, computer network technology, digital communication technology.
Cors system consists of five parts: reference station network, data processing center, data transmission system, positioning navigation data broadcast system, and user application system. network.
The expansion information:
Cors in the actual application of my country:
It Shenzhen has established the first domestic CORS system, and has begun to measure the application. Similar provinces and cities have been established in some provinces and cities in China, such as Guangdong Province, Jiangsu, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Chengdu, Wuhan, Kunming, Chongqing and Qingdao.
The establishment of the CDCors Sichuan Earthquake Administration has been operating for more than three years. The main purpose is to monitor the Sichuan earthquake -stricken area, but the mining function is excavated. Realize the user's real -time high -precision differential positioning and achieve certain benefits. Sichuan Province launched the construction of Beidou Satellite Navigation Networks in the province.
In addition to the basic structure and application of the government, the application of the CORS system in the business field has also entered the actual operation stage. Xingwei's high -precision positioning system based on CORS technology is based on CORS technology, which effectively solves the problem of low positioning accuracy caused by high logistics density and strong mobility of port vehicles, and poor scheduling.
Reference information Source: Baidu Encyclopedia -Cors

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Andy
November 29, 2022 at 1:32 pm

cheap wholesale jewelry thailand Cors is GPS technology.
With the rapid progress and application of GPS technology, its role in urban measurement has become increasingly important. At present, the continuous operation (satellite positioning service) reference station established by the multi -base network network RTK technology has become one of the development hotspots of urban GPS applications. The CORS system is a product of high -tech multi -directional and deep crystallization of satellite positioning technology, computer network technology, digital communication technology.
Cors system consists of five parts: reference station network, data processing center, data transmission system, positioning navigation data broadcast system, and user application system. network.
Cors:
"Space Data Infrastructure" is an infrastructure for the information society and the era of knowledge economy. The urban continuous operation reference station system (CORS) is the most important part of "Space Data Infrastructure", which can obtain the location, time information and related dynamic changes of various types of space.
In the construction of a number of permanently continuously run GPS reference stations, to provide the international universal format site coordinates and GPS measurement data to meet the requirements of accurate positioning, fast and real -time positioning, and navigation requirements for users in different industries. Meet urban planning, land surveying and mapping, cadastral management, urban and rural construction, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, traffic monitoring, traffic monitoring.
The above reference: Baidu Encyclopedia — Cors

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Clyde
November 29, 2022 at 1:32 pm

wholesale jewelry in bali With the rapid progress and application of GPS technology, its role in urban measurement has become increasingly important. At present, the continuous running satellite positioning service comprehensive system (REFERENCE SYSTEM (CORS) has become one of the development hotspots of urban GPS applications. The CORS system is a product of high -tech multi -directional and deep crystallization of satellite positioning technology, computer network technology, digital communication technology.
CORS system consists of five parts: the reference station network, the data processing center, the data transmission system, the positioning navigation data broadcast system, and the user application system. Special network.
The reference site network: The reference station network consists of the reference station uniformly distributed within the range. Responsible for collecting GPS satellite observation data and transporting to data processing centers, while providing systematic monitoring services.
Data processing center: System control center, which is used to receive data from the benchmark stations, perform data processing, forms a multi -benchmark station difference to locate user data, forms a certain format data file, and distributes it to users. The data processing center is the core unit of CORS, and it is also the key to the real -time dynamic positioning of high -precision real -time dynamic positioning. The center of the center continuously continuously performs the overall modeling solution in the region according to the real -time observation data collected by the benchmark stations, and automatically generates a virtual reference station corresponding to the mobile station (including the reference station coordinates and GPS observation information) and and and and and the Through the existing data communication network and wireless data broadcast network, users who need measurement and navigation to measure and navigation are provided in the international general format to provide code phase/carrier phase differential correction information in order to solve the accurate point of the mobile station in real time.
Data transmission system: The data transmission system is transmitted to the monitoring and analysis center through the optical fiber dedicated line. The system includes data transmission hardware equipment and software control modules.
The data broadcasting system: The system broadcasts positioning navigation data to users through mobile networks, UHF radio, Internet and other forms.
The user application system: Including user information receiving systems, network -type RTK positioning systems, afterwards and fast and precision positioning systems, and autonomous navigation systems and monitoring positioning systems. According to the accuracy of the application, the user service subsystem can be divided into millimeter -level user systems, centimeters -level user systems, divided rice -level user systems, and rice user systems. According to the user's application, it can be divided into surveying and engineering users ( Centimeter, rice levels), vehicle navigation and positioning users (rice grade), high -precision users (after -after processing), meteorological users and other categories.
The CORS system has completely changed the traditional RTK measurement method. The main advantage is reflected in: 1) the scope of improvement of the initialization time and expanding the effective work; Work efficiency; 3) with a comprehensive data monitoring system, it can effectively eliminate system errors and weekly jumps, and enhance the reliability of differential operations; 4) Users do not need to set up reference stations to truly realize single -machine operations and reduce costs; 5) Use a fixed reliable data chain communication method to reduce noise interference; 6) Provide remote internet services to achieve data sharing; 7) expand the application scope of GPS in the dynamic field, which is more conducive to precision navigation of vehicles, aircraft and ships ; 8) Provide new opportunities for building a digital city.
CORS system is only a dynamic, continuous positioning framework benchmark. It is also an important urban infrastructure with fast and high -precision acquisition of spatial data and geographical characteristics. High reliability and real -time positioning information, and the complete unity of urban surveying data, this will have a profound impact on the collection and application system of modern urban basic geographical information systems. It can not only establish and maintain the benchmark framework for urban surveying and mapping, but also provide high -precision space and time information in fully, all -weather, and real -time, and become the basis for regional planning, management and decision -making. This system can also provide differential positioning information, develop new applications of traffic navigation, and provide high -precision, high time and space resolution, all -weather, near -real -time, and continuous precipitation steam volume change sequence, and then gradually form regional catastrophic weather Monitoring forecast system. In addition, the CORS system can be used to synchronize the high -precision time in communication systems and power systems, and can provide monitoring and forecast services on ground settlement, geological disasters, earthquakes, etc., and study and discuss disasters evolution.
The continuous operation reference station system (CORS) can be defined as one or several fixed, continuous running GPS reference stations, using the network composed of modern computers, data communication and Internet (LAN / WAN) technology, in real time towards it in real time to Users of different types, different needs, and different levels automatically provide different types of GPS observation values (carrier phase, pseudo -spacing), various correction numbers, status information, and other systems related to GPS service items. Compared with traditional GPS operations, continuous operation stations have many advantages such as wide range of function, high accuracy, and wild single -machine operations.
1. The current status and background at home and abroad
1.1 Foreign CORS Development Overview
The characteristics of the measurement and development of international land are the establishment of a satellite navigation system with all -weather, global coverage, high precision, dynamic, and real -time positioning. Establish a corresponding permanent continuous GPS reference station on the ground. At present, the more developed countries in the world have established or are establishing a continuous operation reference station system (CORS).
The GPS continuous running reference station system (CORS) in the United States. It is responsible for the US National Land Survey (NGS). The current goal of the system is: ① to enable users in all US fields to make more convenient use of the system to achieve the positioning and navigation of the centimeter level; Develop GIS; ③ Monitor the shape of the ground shell; ④ Support the application of remote sensing; ⑤ Find the distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere; ⑥ Monitor the free electronic concentration and distribution of the electrical ionization layer.
Until May 2001, CORS has more than 160 stations. The US NGS announced that in order to strengthen CORS, from now on, the speed of the system is improved at the speed of 3 stations a month. CORS's data and information include the pseudo -distance and phase information, station coordinates, station mobile rate vectors, GPS stars, meteorological data around the station, etc. Users can easily download through information networks, such as Internet.
The function and goals of the continuous running GPS reference station (COGRS) of the United Kingdom are similar to the above CORS, but combined with the British local situation, there is a task to monitor the relative and absolute changes of the sea levels around the British Three Islands. There are currently nearly 60 GPS running stations.
The national satellite positioning network in Germany consists of more than 100 permanent GPS tracking stations. It also provides 4 different levels of services: ① real -time DGPS (accuracy is ± 1 ～ 3 m); ② centimeter -time real -time difference GPS (accuracy is 1 to 5 cm); ③ quasi -real -time positioning of 1cm; ④ ④ High -precision land positioning (accuracy is better than 1 cm).
It other European countries, even if Finland, Switzerland, etc., which are relatively small in territorial area, have built a permanent GPS tracking network with similar functions. Atmosphere provides scientific data.
In Asia, Japan has built nearly 1,200 GPS continuously running network network comprehensive service systems -Geonet. On the basis of the main function of monitoring the earthquake prediction of the crustal movement, it is currently combining services such as GPS real -time positioning, differential positioning, GPS meteorology, vehicle monitoring and other services in conjunction with the land measurement department, meteorological department, and traffic management departments.
1.2 Domestic CORS Development Overview
Ap with the improvement of national informatization and the rapid development of computer networks and communication technology, the engineeringization and engineering of e -government, e -commerce, digital cities, digital provinces, and digital earth Realization needs to collect a variety of real -time geographical space data. Therefore, the urgency and necessity of China's development of CORS systems are becoming more and more prominent. Over the past few years, different domestic industries have established some professional satellite positioning networks. At present, in order to meet the needs of the informationization of national economic construction, a large number of cities, provinces and regions, and industries are planning to establish similar continuous network systems. The construction climax of a continuous operation station network system is coming.
It Shenzhen has established my country's first continuous operation reference station system (SZCORS), which has begun to measure the application in an all -round way. Some provinces and cities across the country have also been initially completed or are establishing similar provincial and municipal CORS systems, such as: Guangdong Province, Jiangsu, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Chengdu, Wuhan, Kunming, Chongqing, etc.
The CDCORS established by the Sichuan Earthquake Administration has been running for more than three years. The original main purpose was to monitor the earthquake disaster in the Sichuan region, but through the excavation of its potential functions, it developed and utilized in GPS land measurement. Login, open the right to use the network to the outside world, realize the real -time high -precision differential positioning of the user GPS, and achieve a certain amount of benefits.
2. Establishing the necessity and significance of CORS
"Space Data Infrastructure" is a necessary infrastructure for the information society and the era of knowledge economy. The urban continuous operation reference station system (CORS) is the most important part of "Space Data Infrastructure", which can obtain the location, time information and related dynamic changes of various types of space. By constructing several permanently continuously run GPS reference stations, providing various international universal base site coordinates and GPS measurement data to meet the requirements for accuracy, fast and real -time positioning, and navigation requirements of various industries to meet the requirements of various industries. Urban planning, land surveying and mapping, cadastral management, urban and rural construction, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, traffic monitoring, mining measurement and other modern information management social requirements. The necessity and significance of establishing CORS are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) The establishment of Cors can greatly improve the accuracy, speed and efficiency of surveying and mapping, reduce the intensity and cost of surveying and mapping The cost, save about 30% of the control measurement expenses in the implementation of various surveying and mapping projects. Due to the acceleration of urban construction, the GPS-C, D, and E-level control points are greatly damaged. Generally, it is necessary to reorganize in 5-8 years. As for the root control on the road, it is basically gone. Each surveying and mapping unit either spend a lot of manpower reorganization or still in a branch. This will not only ensure accuracy, but also cause a lot of waste of manpower and material resources. With the construction and continuous operation of the CORS base station, a network with a permanent base station is formed. Therefore, you can use the built -up CORS system to develop and use it to collect and use it. The charge standard can be formulated according to the investment and actual situation of various places. Of course, this is more social benefits.
(2) The establishment of Cors can conduct real -time, effective, and long -term deformation monitoring of engineering construction, and quickly forecast disasters. The completion of the CORS project will provide accurate real -time GPS positioning services for many areas such as meteorological, car and boat navigation positioning, objects and comprehensives, public security fire protection, surveying and mapping, GIS applications, etc., which will greatly speed up the city's basic geographical information construction Essence
(3) CORS will be an important part of urban informationization, and thus establish a three -dimensional, dynamic, and grounded coordinate reference framework for urban space infrastructure, so as to realize the real city location information surface Digitalization. CORS building can make more departments and more people use GPS high -precision services, which will definitely play an important role in urban economic construction. It is inestimable to bring the huge social and economic benefits to the city, and it will provide a good construction and investment environment for cities.
3. The development of CORS in the south
The CORS systems in different industries in China are basically independent. The data of many units shared and used in the unit and even the department. At present, the CORS station construction plan on the domestic market is more than millions or even tens of millions of capital investment. Compared to those units that only stay in small -scale applications for CORS, it seems that the input and output are too unbalanced, resulting in many industries and units It can only be discouraged to the CORS system.
In response to this situation, the Southern Company proposed "serving the current, future-oriented South-Cors solution". South-Cors provides a complete set of solutions from single-based stations to polytestelling and multi-base network systems. In the case of conditional conditions, several SOUTH-CORS single-base stations add a set of central controller software to seamlessly upgrade to the southern network CORS. This expansion solution allows different user units to choose the best according to their own needs. s solution.
The CORS single -based station system launched by Southern Company has been completed in Jincheng, Heilongjiang Harbin, Shandong Laizhou, Shaanxi Xianyang, Luoyang, Henan, Hubei Suizhou, Xianning, Guangdong Daya Bay, Sanshui and other cities. Hubei Yichang, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Shihezi, Xinjiang, Kui Tun, and Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan have been successfully applied.
3.1 Southern Single -based Station COS
3.1.1 The characteristics of COS COS single -based station
Investment less
With the maturity of Southern Single -based Station technology, as long as fewer investment Establish a CORS base station in small and medium -sized cities to meet the needs of local measurement users at different levels of space information technology services: the urban areas and suburbs of the base station, the main transportation of the city import and export, and the urban urban and rural areas of the districts in the area of 30 kilometers centered on the base station are realized. Quick centimeter -level real -time positioning and post -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -after -later differences.
The can be upgraded and expanded at any time
The single -based station system can increase new base stations at any time to increase the coverage area of real -time RTK operations. Once the conditions of the virtual reference station system are mature, as long as the system software is upgraded, it costs to spend. With a small investment, the single reference station system can be easily upgraded into a virtual reference station network system.
The data is reliable, stable, secure
The continuous observation of the base station, static data collected all over the weather, high point accuracy, stable data; user login adopts authorization method, data centers can manage login users, high data security.
The operating range is wide
The RTK operating radius based on Southern Single -based Station has expanded to 30 kilometers, which can achieve fast centimeter -time real -time positioning and post -after -to -after -difference. It's not uncommon.
The construction cycle short
The reference station technology has shown that it is a relatively mature technology. From the implementation of the plan to start procurement equipment, install and debug, to the entire cycle of acceptance operation, within 1 month.
3.1.2 The goals and content of the single -based station scheme
The Southern Single -based station CORS solution is: establish and maintain the support of GPS reference stations in the measurement area, and provide a complete set of GPS engineering technical standards for the system The specific items are:
(1) Build a GPS positioning benchmark station with permanent continuous observation.
(2) Create a network system that provides the benchmark network service.
(3) Establish data transmission of the internal local area network of the reference station and the system management center.
(4) Data information provided by measuring users with real -time difference and static processing of RTK.
3.1.3 System principle
The single -based station CORS is that there is only one continuous reference station. Similar to RTK, which is similar to OnePlus or OnePlus N, the benchmark station is replaced by a continuously run benchmark. It organically combines satellite positioning technology and geographical information technology, geographical information technology, communication technology and advanced software development technology in the field of cutting -edge technology, providing users with new, transparent, visible, and real -time measurement services. On the benchmark station, there is a state of control software monitoring the status, storage and sending relevant data of the satellite in real time. At the same time, a server provides network differential services and user management.
3.1.4 System operating process
The consecutive observation of GPS satellite signals to obtain the "LAN Star Calendar" and other correction parameters of the region and the time period. Data packaging storage and sending the satellite information of the benchmark station to the designated location of the EAGLE software on the server.
The mobile station users receive signals from positioning satellites and solve geographical coordinates.
The data communication module of mobile station users can enter the user unit GPS for differential solution through the local area network from the specified location of the server to obtain the benchmark station.
Pascasia users can download the static data of the synchronous time from the benchmark station software to the baseline after completing the static measurement in the field.
3.2 Southern Network CORS
The Southern Network CORS technology is becoming more mature. Composition, provides users with
for users in real time
3.2.1 Southern Network CORS Features
The determination of surveying and mapping benchmarks of the entire region or province
, High work efficiency, a long -term benefit of investment, providing a stable and unified reference coordinate system to sharing all users, standardizing basic surveying and mapping data
The data accuracy is high
Coordinates and real -time observation data are used for comprehensive errors to cover the coverage area, and the system comprehensive errors of observation data of mobile stations in the area as much as possible are eliminated as much as possible.
This can also meet the differences in real -time in terms of different needs, and can provide RTK, DGPS, static or post -dynamic post -processing and high -precision real -time positioning data services at the same time Objectives of the scheme
(1) Establish a unified coordinate framework with IGS stations in multiple reference stations
(2) Real -time solution of the fuzzyness of the entire network and establish a real -time correction model (including the stream layer Reform, ionization layer correction and rail correction)
(3) Support the NTRIP protocol of GPS differential network transmission protocols that support universal GPS differential networks, and support various models of GPS access services at home and abroad
(4) Realize user management, Reasonable allocation of use permissions, strengthen the control of terminal equipment
3.2.3 System principle
The network Cors consist of multiple continuous reference stations distributed in a certain area. It integrates the development of network RTK technology, GPS motherboard technology, computer network technology, and data communication technology. In real time, users of different types of GPS observations (carrier waves (carrier wave Phase, pseudo -distance), various correction numbers, status information, and other related GPS services.
3.2.4 System operating process
(1) The point test of CORS station with certain WGS84 (or ITRF, because the difference between the two is very small) The accurate coordinates in WGS84
(2) The mobile station sends its own rough position (GGA) to the data processing center. The data processing center selects three reference stations around the user, and a benchmark for virtual virtuality near the user according to the correction model is based on the correction model. Station, send the data of the virtual benchmark station to the mobility station in the same way as the conventional RTK
(3) server software monitoring and managing the user authority and operation of the mobile station

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