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wholesale hip hop jewelry by direct silver factory I. The basic framework of the digital economy
The teacher Zhu Jiaming (famous economist) believes that: the digital economy is a mutation and the result of evolution, not a gradient. Therefore, it is very different from the industrial civilization we are familiar with and the previous agricultural civilization.
It my personal research is actually not in place, but I just try to list the more important differences.
1. Digital economy is different from the characteristics of industrial civilization
The industrial civilization has four characteristics:
Society is trying to hand over resources to producers and enterprises;
The distribution of economic resources, especially the distribution of financial resources, is based on property rights and creditor's rights; r; r; n Third, the organization is mainly used in the form of "company". Through the business law revolution hundreds of years ago, we established the company as the main body of the legal person and realized the limited liability system;
Fourth, the currency of the industrial civilization was a credit currency. It is a real virtual currency, just a string of numbers on the ledger. The development of physical currency to credit currency is to meet the needs of trade and accounting.
A digital civilization corresponds to it:
first, focusing on transactions, emphasizing the efficiency and low friction of transactions; Corresponding to property rights, a concept is called "digital power";
third, the organizational form is changed from the past company organization to the self -association organization;
fourth, currency, currency It is no longer a single pole, but a multi -level digital token based on different needs.
2. Different from the property rights, creditor's rights system and the number of power system
Stocks generally use the credit currency system. Therefore, the currency that is circulating in society is essentially just a number of the liabilities of a bank's balance sheet.
Melarly add a number due to the liability side of the bank's balance sheet, and a number should be added to the asset side to balance it. Therefore, the balance sheet is also called a balance sheet, that is, Balance Sheet. That is, you add a number to the right end, so you must add a number to ensure the balance of the left and right sides at the left end.
In the era of industrial economy, there are only two categories of digital (assets) we added at the left end: property rights and creditor's rights.
The so -called real rights are measured parts that can be seen. Such as houses, land, machinery, real estate or real estate. Property rights can be placed on the left end of the balance sheet. As long as the bank recognizes it, it can release the currency at the right end, that is, the financial resources are allocated to you.
The so -called creditor's rights are in the past long -term business activities, prove that you have a strong debt repayment ability through transaction records. For example, if you work in a large company, your future revenue can be expected. Therefore, banks can just release a currency based on credit records without property mortgage.
The mortgage mortgage at the left end of the balance sheet at this time is just your arrears. This is the claim.
The banks issued or created by banks are created based on property rights and creditor's rights. After more than 20 years of the Internet, there was a big difference.
. For example, last year's very popular Internet celebrity Weiya, her centered team has only 10 people, but created 460 million sales. Li Jiaqi, the second -ranked, is a man who sells well.
Today, these people are appearing in our lives. We cannot simply understand them as an Internet celebrity or fan economy, because these people have knowledge, influence, professional skills, and very strong social ability.
But if they measured in accordance with the property rights and creditor systems, they have neither property rights nor claims, so they cannot get the support of the corresponding financial resources. Therefore, only a few Internet celebrities came out in the vast sea of people.
In the era of industrial civilization or agricultural civilization, we will always use stocks to distribute financial resources. So when our economy has begun to grow based on technology, influence, knowledge, and innovation, how can we measure the value of people in it? Therefore, we propose the concept of digital power.
The power of power is the right to use the trust digital evidence that other interests do not cross the border interests, and the right to take action based on the contract and agreed.
This can be publicly verified, and credible data. The best carrier is the blockchain. Blockchain can ensure the credibility and effectiveness of the data through very powerful means such as nodes, decentralization, signature, and timestamp. If there is no blockchain as an infrastructure, the authenticity and reliability of digital records will be difficult to confirm.
On the basis of such a, human creativity, influence, knowledge level, professionalism, and innovation ability will be greatly recorded by trusted data in future economic life.
The "whether it can create and distribute financial resources based on trusted data records" will become a more important question.
of course, not only creating currency, but also the distribution and transaction of currency.
Under the basic framework of the digital economy, we see that there are two paths to enter digital finance or digital economy now. These two paths have been fighting:
A piece of one piece It is to treat the blockchain as a credible database to provide trusted digital evidence for financial and other institutions.
The in a sense, the currency circle and chain circle are doing the same. In the chain circle, there is a large number of transaction records or important evidence on the blockchain, turning it into credible digital evidence. But in the end, when the step of allocating financial resources, we must return to traditional financial institutions to allocate financial resources.
This is reform. At present, China only allows it to occur in this way.
The other path is a fierce change.
For example, the path adopted by Bitcoin, Libra (Facebook newly launched virtual cryptocurrency), I will not discuss with you at all, digitize the rights of currency creation and currency allocation, so that the bank's bank’s Existence has become doubts.
This is fused with the inherent needs of the digital economy itself.
This paths to develop in the future is a question that we are paying attention to in our research.
of course, I advocate the token. Flight may be relatively compromised in the two routes. We believe that financial instruments and financial carriers can be multi -level and may not be replaced immediately; At the level of MBS (Mortgage-Backed Security support bonds or mortgage securitization), do some experiments first.
The chain circle will be more conservative now. It is believed that this will also violate regulatory regulations, so simply only digital evidence.
But I want to say that in essence, everyone is doing the same thing, just the location of the choice is different. Now there are radical products and projects such as Libra (newly launched virtual cryptocurrencies) and Bitcoin, which are actually good for expanding our vision and thinking.
Therefore, in this context, we sort out 9 more important issues.
. The nine issues of the digital economy
1. The possible digital currency "war"
This parties are related to all parties, so all countries are very concerned. Dr. Longbai Tao's "Currency Competition and System Reconstruction of Digital Currency Tide" is an important contribution to put forward the concept of the digital currency zone.
D digital currency zone refers to a region where a digital currency centralized circulation and use.
The region will be different from the sovereign zone, physics, and geographical areas we believe in the traditional sense. It is likely to occur in a large number of digital currency areas overlap and parallel.
If in the same place, or the same population, in the same society, multiple digital currency areas are superimposed at the same time, which actually means that these digital currencies have launched a certain sense of competition in this area. , Even war.
This environment may not be free to develop in your own and well -protected areas and scope, but directly facing competition with strong digital currencies.
The discussion for how to deal with such problems. At this stage, many researchers have not discussed it in the environment of the game when discussing digital currencies.
Libra (newly launched virtual cryptocurrency) in the incentive system in the incentive system is very witty. It has a underwriter network, such as you want to buy libra currency worth $ 10,000. You may pay $ 11,000.
, but the extra $ 1,000 is not taken away by the LIBRA Association, but was assigned to the underwriters who are responsible for changing your dollar to Libra. They are responsible for penetrating into the country and region where they are, so they may bear exchange rate loss and exchange rate risks. Therefore, they have the right to collect this 1,000 US dollars.
But the problem is that the more a country or region is blocked by libra, the more people in this area need more money when they need libra. This will provide a huge incentive for the underwriter's network system. This is built in the Libra system design.
In fact, we are no stranger to this system. In areas where currency control, the black market transaction has this characteristic. The more fierce the control, the higher the handling fee.
libra is different, it does not need to meet you. When monetary exchange is required, you can temporarily write a webpage or run a program to complete the transaction; then immediately delete this web or program. This will greatly increase the difficulty of supervision.
So the method of legislation is actually difficult to block the trading of digital currencies like libra. Digital currency can steal economic activities in the sovereign area. When the economic exchanges between the company can completely do not take the fiat currency channel at all, all aspects of supervision will be bypassed.
2. The management system of digital finance
Our country is now facing such a question: Who manages digital currency and digital finance?
Traditionally, we will think that the central bank should manage because the central bank is in charge of finance; but the central bank does not know the Internet very much, and those who understand the Internet may not understand finance; , Will not promote development. Who will promote development? The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jumped out again.
This will involve many departments. Now who manages, how to manage, and what institutions are established to manage, have not yet figured out at home and abroad.
3. Digital Finance Center
Pegasie "digital financial center" is a pseudo -proposition. However, since August 18th, Shenzhen, which was born and opened up due to reform and opening up, once again shouldered the mission of reform "pioneers" and "road visitors".
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