2 thoughts on “What is the dye dye in the dye factory? What is the harm and protection of the body?”
Derek
The dye factory said that the workload should not be large, and his dust should be very small, because the dyes are very expensive, but many dyes are chronic toxic, long -term inhalation and penetration of skin harmful health. When working, we should wear masks and rubber gloves, and wash your hands after drying. Do not forget to drink milk to detoxify health every day.
Prevention and treatment of dust hazards, protecting human health
The dangers of dust to the human body can cause different lesions according to their physical and chemical properties and different quantities of the human body. Such as respiratory system diseases, local effects, poisoning, etc.
The professional respiratory diseases have the following four manifestations:
1. Pneumptocycles
Pneumoconiosis refers to the inhalation of productive dust during the production process Diseases dominated by lung tissue fibrosis. Due to the different quality and quantity of inhalation of dust, to varying degrees of harm. There are many types of pneumoconiosis, 12 of which are listed as occupational diseases. They are: silicon, coal pneumoconiosis, graphite pneumoconiosis, carbon black pneumoconiosis, asbestos, talid pulmonary, cement pulses, cloudy pneumoconiosis, pottery pneumoconiosis, mixed welding mixed welding, mixed welding mixing Pneumoconiosis, pneumoconiosis.
2. Dust -calorie symptoms
In some metals (iron, 钡, tin, etc.) inhaled dust, they can react with foreign objects in the lung tissue and continue to be slightly fibrosis, but The harm to the human body is less harmful, and after leaving the dust, the lesion can gradually fade away.
3. The pulmonary lesions caused by organic dust
different organic dust have different biological effects, such as causing bronchial asthma, cotton dust, occupational allergic pneumonia, mixed Pneumoconiosis, etc.
4. Respiratory tumor
The local effect of dust refers to the use of dust to cause atrophic lesions in the respiratory mucosa; in addition, pharyngitis, laryngealitis, and bronchitis can be formed; Acting on the skin can form acne, folliculitis, pus dermatosis, etc.; Metal and abrasive dust can cause corneal damage, cause corneal sensation and turbid cornea; asphalt smoke can cause light sensitive dermatitis under sunlight. The poisoning effect of dust refers to poisoning caused by toxic dust such as lead, arsenic, and manganese.
The harm to dust, the following technical measures can be used in the production process:
1. Technical innovation
Methods, using new technology is a technical measure to thoroughly eliminate dust pollution and do a good job of dustproof work. In the process of process reform, the standard measures that cause the production process to not cause dust hazards, and the second is the measures to eliminate or reduce their hazards after the dust occurs.
2. Wet dustproof
This is a simple, economical and effective dustproof measure. After the dust is in water, it is easy to absorb, condense, and gain weight, which can greatly reduce the production and diffusion of dust, and improve the air quality of the operating environment.
3. Counter -Dust source
This to effectively close the dust source is an effective technical measure to prevent dust from outside. It is often used with ventilation and dust removal technical measures.
4. Ventilation dust removal
This is the most common and effective technical measure in industrial production. Ventilation dust removal is to effectively control the dust source with a ventilation method, and pull out the dust -containing gas. After purifying the dust collector, the atmosphere is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the dust concentration of the air content of the operating area meets the requirements of hygiene standards, and the exhaust gas meets the emission standards Requirements.
5. Personal protection
This is an auxiliary measure. Usually, on the basis of other technical measures, people engaged in dust operations can further prevent the inhalation of dust through various protective supplies (such as masks, dust masks, dust masks, dust -proof helmets, etc.) harm.
What are the measures to prevent dust hazards?
The dangers of productive dust can be completely prevented. In order to prevent the harm of dust, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of regulations and laws. There are "Decisions on Preventing Silicon Dust Harm in Factory and Mining", "Measures for Factory to Prevent Silicon Dust Harm", "Interim Measures for Mining to Prevent Silicon Dust Harm", "Measures for Medical Prevention Measures for Silicon Dust Workers" and so on. Based on these policies and decree, the factory and mine have done a lot of work on dust prevention, and summarized the eight -character experience to prevent the dangers of dust. Comprehensive measures such as "leather, water, secret, wind, protection, management, teaching, and investigation" to make dust dust The concentration decreases year by year, and the incidence of pneumoconiosis in contact with dust workers has decreased year by year, and the age of onset and the age of illness and death have been greatly prolonged. However, at present, the task of preventing dust in my country is still quite difficult. The problems in the industry in the township and township industry are even more prominent. It is still the primary task to do a good job in dustproof. In 1987, the State Council issued the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of the People's Republic of China". The regulations made regulations on supervision, monitoring, health management, and rewards and punishment, which played a further promotion role in dustproof work.
(1) Organizational measures
In strengthening organization leaders is the key to doing a good job of dustproof work. Factory leaders with more dust operations must have special persons in charge of dust prevention; establish and improve dustproofing institutions, formulate dustproof work plans and necessary rules and regulations, and effectively implement comprehensive dustproof measures; establish a dust monitoring system, large factories and mines shall have full -time full -time and mines. Dust measurement personnel, medical staff should put forward requirements for dust measurement work, check and guide regularly, to regularly target dust measurement, and evaluate the effectiveness of the improvement of labor conditions and technical measures. Do a good job of publicity work, from leadership to the majority of employees, so that everyone can understand the dangers of dust, and do a good job of dustproof work according to their responsibilities and obligations.
(2) Technical measures
The technical measures are the central measures to prevent dust hazards, mainly in terms of governance, dust production operations and operations that do not meet the requirements of dust prevention. Reduce the production of product dust, dispersal, and minimize the concentration of dust in the operating environment as much as possible.
L) Reform process process, innovation of production equipment is the fundamental way to eliminate dust hazards. It should be made from various aspects such as production process design, equipment selection, and dust production machinery before leaving the factory. If the closed wind pipeline is used to transport, negative pressure sand absorption, etc. to eliminate dust flying, use silicon -free substance instead of quartz, and use iron ball sandblast instead of quartz sandblast.
) Wet operation is an effective measure to prevent dust from flying. All operations that can be used can be used. For example, the wet rock -chiney rocks of the mine, the infiltration of the lane lane, the purification of the wind, etc., the wet crushing or spray sprinkler of the quartz, the ore, etc. Sand and so on.
3) Counteracting, absorbing, and dust removal, for dust -producing positions that cannot be used in wet operations, a closed wind and dust removal method should be adopted. Any device that can generate dust should be closed as much as possible, and use local mechanical to absorb wind to keep the closed device a certain negative pressure and prevent dust from rest. The dust -containing air must be treated with dust purification to avoid pollution.
(3) Health care measures
This prevention of dust prevention to human health. The first step is to eliminate or reduce the source of the occurrence. This is the most fundamental measure. The second is to reduce the concentration of dust in the air. Finally, it is to reduce the opportunity to enter the human body and reduce the dangers of dust. Health care measures are the last part of prevention. Although it is auxiliary measures, it still occupies an important position.
1) Personal protection and personal hygiene. For conditions, the dust concentration of the dust is limited to the operation that does not meet the allowable concentration standards, and the appropriate dust mask has become an important measure. The dust -proof mask must filter the dust rate, high breathable rate, light weight, and does not affect the vision and operation of the workers. Carry out physical exercise and pay attention to nutrition. It is of certain significance to increase resistance and improve resistance. In addition, pay attention to personal hygiene habits, not smoking. Comply with the rules of dustproof operation, and strictly implement the system that does not wear the dust mask and does not work on the job.
2) Before employment and regular physical examination, the newly engaged in dusty workers must conduct a health inspection. The purpose is to find the taboo taboos of dust operations and as health data. The purpose of regular physical examination is to discover the damage to health in early discovery, and it is time to timely be adjusted when it is not suitable for diseases that should not be engaged in dust operations.
3) Protective patients with pneumoconiosis can get appropriate arrangements, enjoy the should be given by national policies, appraisions it for labor ability, and properly resettle.
What is the pneumoconiosis of coal miners?
The coal is my country's main energy and important industrial raw materials. The production of under -coal mines mainly includes two types of rock excavation and coal mining. The types of dust in contact with these two workers are different. Workers who work in the rock digging work surface are mainly exposed to rock dust (including silicon dust). They have little contact. The pneumonia they obtain is silicon, and workers, coal and ground coal selection plants working on coal mining work surfaces are Workers are mainly contacting coal dust and rarely contact rock dust. The pneumoconiosis obtained by these workers is not silicon, but coal pneumonia or coal lung.
However, these two kinds of pneumoconiosis account for only a few of the coal miners, accounting for about 20%of all coal mines. The vast majority, that is, about 80%of coal mines are coal and silicon, that is, mixed pneumoconiosis formed by both silicon and coal. This is because most of the coal mines in our country are not strict with the division of labor in the well, and the mobilization is also frequently. The rock dust, the pornography obtained is a mixed coal and silicon lung. Therefore, the so -called coal miners' pneumoconiosis actually includes three kinds of pneumoconiosis: coal silicon, silicon and coal lung pneumoconiosis.
will it get pneumoconiosis in any dust?
The types of dust, but not all the dust can cause pneumoconiosis as long as it is inhaled into the lungs. For example, the wind and sand in the desert, the dust on the road, and the chalk ash in the classroom can be flying into the lungs, but these will not cause pneumoconiosis. This is because these dust particles are large, it is not easy to enter the alveoli, or its chemical components do not cause lung fibrosis. Strictly speaking, only some types of dust generated by some production processes can cause pneumoconiosis in a large number of long -term inhalation.
The pneumoconiosis studies believe that only the dust that enters the alveoli and sedimentation can cause pneumoconiosis. People usually call the dust that can reach the alveoli as the breathing dust, which generally refers to the dust with a particle size of less than 5 microns. Because the breathing dust is suspended in the air in the operating venue for a long time, it can inhale into the alveoli and sedse it down, so it is the main factor that causes pneumoconiosis. The occurrence of pneumoconiosis is directly related to the nature of mineral dust, the concentration of mineral dust, the length of the dust pickup, and the individual conditions. Due to different types of dust, due to the different pathogenic effects and hazards, the prevalence of pneumoconiosis, the age of the onset, and the progress of the disease period are different.
How to cause the pneumoconiosis?
The pathogenic mechanism of dust to the pneumoconiosis has not yet made a successful explanation. The physical and chemical characteristics of various dust are different, and the effects of the body and the response to the body are not the same. It also shows the nature and severity of the lesion, that is, the fibrosis capacity of various dusts is different, causing lung damage to lung damage, which causes lung damage. The nature and degree of nature are also different.
(1) Small and bureau's interstitial damage: It is mainly around the triminal trachea. The lesion consists of accumulated dust, dust cells and moderate hyperplasia of the mesh fiber. Or the collagen is not obvious. Most of these damages are caused by the weakness of the fibrosis. Many decentralized damage caused by iron dust and coal dust belong to this category.
(2) Worstimal fibrosis in the bureau's stove, nodular fine -tub -pilot, and peripheral vascular: Dust -eliminating cells in the lesion, fibroblasts proliferate, collagen fiber obviously proliferated, such as quartz or seasons or The pneumoconiosis caused by other dust fibrosis.
(3) Simply pneumatic trachea and alveolar walls permeable intercipate fibrosis: Most diseases are mostly in respiratory fine -tubic trachea, and can affect non -breathing fine pilots. Asparam caused by dust.
(4) Large fibrosis: On the basis of the above second and third types of damage, due to the integrated lesion of collagen fibers and local tissue hypoxia, inflammation, lungs, and immunology The common effect of factors, lesions are often fused into group blocks, sometimes manifested as fibrosis of the dumplings.
What are the main factors that cause pneumoconiosis?
If in many factors that cause pneumoconiosis, the accumulation of dust and actual dust are the two major risk factors for pneumoconiosis in coal miners. The analysis of hazardous factors shows that the incidence of pneumonia in coal workers increases with the increase in accumulating dust and the increase of the average dust -connected work age. The age of dust connection is closely related to the cumulative amount of dust connection, which is an auxiliary factor for the pathogenic.
Hawliolic pneumoconiosis?
It since starting to engage in dust operations, until the time of discovering the pneumonia is called the age of the disease. The age of pneumoconiosis is different, which is not only related to the nature of contact with dust, but also has more relationships with the quality of dustproof conditions in the production. Generally speaking, it takes about 8 to 10 years to obtain silicon lung disease, asbestosal lung needs 5 to 8 years, coal lung needs 15 to 20 years, and aluminum pneumoconiosis takes 16 to 40 years.
The good constitution is related to pneumoconiosis?
The pneumoconiosis is caused by the role of dust through the role of dust, so individual factors such as good constitution and bad constitution also affect the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis. Living, not pneumoconiosis occurred. Sometimes the pneumoconiosis has a shorter age, but the long -term working age does not have a disease, which makes the pneumoconiosis, the rapid and severity of the lesion development, and the difference between people. Why are there these differences? This is because of the factors that affect the onset, in addition to the various factors that affect the body's resistance that affect the body's resistance. Generally speaking, those of minor workers, women, who do not pay attention to personal protection and hygiene, and poor health conditions, such as people with heart and lung diseases, are more likely to suffer from pneumoconiosis.
How to determine the degree of danger of dust operation?
The according to the "Hollowing Standards for Product Dust Harm Harm", it is necessary to determine the degree of harm to contact a certain product of dust, and comprehensive analysis is required. First of all, the qualitative indicator of the degree of harm should be determined, that is, the silicon content of the midstream of the product of the product. Secondly, the quantitative indicator of the degree of harm is evaluated, that is, the workers' total ventilation volume and product dust concentration exceeds the standard multiple. This standard divides the hazards of product dust operations into level five: level 0, level I, level II, level III, and level IV hazards. When determining the degree of harm, as long as the three indicator data obtained on the scene and find the corresponding position in the level of harm level, the harm level can be found in the hierarchical table.
(1) The content of silicon dioxide in the middle reaches of the product refers to the quality percentage of the quality of the crystalline -shaped free silicon. Its content plays an important role in the occurrence and development of silicon lungs. This standard is divided into four categories: the iconic silicon dust dust with or less than 10 %; the free -free silicon dirt with 10 % to 40 %; And more than 70 % of free silica dust.
(2) Total lung ventilation of workers' time to pick up the time. In the product of the same nature of the production dust industry, the production conditions of workers are different. The duration of the labor intensity and the duration of dust connection is different, so the dust that is actually inhaled into the lungs is also different. Considering the complex situation of my country's production mode, the total amount of lung ventilation of workers is used as a quantitative indicator and included in the hierarchical standard. Workers 'total exhaust time of the lungs is actually included, which actually includes two contents, that is, the work hours of workers' dusting time, and the determination of the total lung ventilation volume of the dust time. This indicator not only represents the size of the workers' labor intensity, but also reflects the actual time for the workers.
(3) Product dust concentration exceeding the standard multiple, which refers to the actual value concentration value of the workplace, exceeds the multiple of the national standard, the calculation method is as follows: the product dust concentration exceeds the standard multiple = the real value of the dust measurement value /The maximum allowable concentration of the dust is expressed by the arithmetic average of the measured dust concentration that exceeds the standard multiple times.
. For example, when a casting of a cast is used for natural sand, the content of free silica is 99.50 %. The total gas volume of a worker on a working day is 6999 liters/day. The dust concentration in the operating venue is 4 mg/cubic meter. The maximum allowable concentration of the national standard is 1 mg/cubic meter. According to the calculation, the exceeding the standard multiple is 3 to 3 Find the corresponding position in Table 3-2, and the degree of dust hazards of the post was found to be level III. This standard does not apply to radioactive dust and cause chemical poisoning dangerous dust.
What are the career hazards of the chemistry industry?
The variety of chemical industry, which is closely related to the production of various industries. It is an indispensable raw material for many industries. The chemical industry mainly includes basic chemical industry, pesticide fertilizer, petrochemical, dye paint, pharmaceutical reagents, J -sensitive materials, various auxiliary agents and other industries. The production process of chemical industry also often has the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, flammable, explosive, and easy corrosion. This constitutes the characteristics of chemical production to the human body.
(1) Acute and chronic poisoning Due to the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, flammable, and explosive chemical production, the incidence of acute accidents and acute poisoning is more than other industries, and it often involves non -professional groups. Such as fire and leakage accidents will pollute the atmosphere around and make a large number of people poisoning. The long -term impact of chronic poisoning has also attracted people's attention.
(2) Damage to the organic chemicals can invade the various organs of the human body, some are positioned, and some are multi -system violations. Stimulating poisons often cause respiratory damage, and pulmonary edema occurs in severe cases; cyanide, arsenic, hydrogen sulfide, carbonate, acetate, organic fluorine, etc. easily cause toxic shocks; arsenic, 锑, 钡, organic mercury, and methane methane , Tetrachloride and other easily cause toxic myocarditis; there are many poisonous pro -liver. Typical ones are yellow phosphorus, tetrachloride, triazleylene, triazol chloride, etc., causing liver damage; toxic renal injuries can be caused by heavy metals Salt cause damage can also cause damage by certain poison through hypoxia, dehydration, etc.; suffocation gases, irritating gases, and poisonous nerves can cause toxic cerebral edema; chronic poisoning of benzene mainly damage the blood system Anemia at platelets, anemia, regenerative disorder anemia occurs in severe cases; mercury, lead. Manganese and other can cause severe central nervous damage. Due to the variety of chemical types, it cannot be described here.
(3) In recent years, the carcinogenic effects have been reported in the chemical system occupational tumor epidemiological survey. The malignant tumor in the industry is also higher than the local residents, and the tumor of the digestive system is high; the pyram aniline in the dye industry has been recognized; the chlorine chloride in the plastic industry causes hepatic hemangioma and fluoroplasty suspicious carcinogenic cancer; the paint coating industry Intestinal cancer, liver cancer patients have increased.
The dye factory said that the workload should not be large, and his dust should be very small, because the dyes are very expensive, but many dyes are chronic toxic, long -term inhalation and penetration of skin harmful health. When working, we should wear masks and rubber gloves, and wash your hands after drying. Do not forget to drink milk to detoxify health every day.
Prevention and treatment of dust hazards, protecting human health
The dangers of dust to the human body can cause different lesions according to their physical and chemical properties and different quantities of the human body. Such as respiratory system diseases, local effects, poisoning, etc.
The professional respiratory diseases have the following four manifestations:
1. Pneumptocycles
Pneumoconiosis refers to the inhalation of productive dust during the production process Diseases dominated by lung tissue fibrosis. Due to the different quality and quantity of inhalation of dust, to varying degrees of harm. There are many types of pneumoconiosis, 12 of which are listed as occupational diseases. They are: silicon, coal pneumoconiosis, graphite pneumoconiosis, carbon black pneumoconiosis, asbestos, talid pulmonary, cement pulses, cloudy pneumoconiosis, pottery pneumoconiosis, mixed welding mixed welding, mixed welding mixing Pneumoconiosis, pneumoconiosis.
2. Dust -calorie symptoms
In some metals (iron, 钡, tin, etc.) inhaled dust, they can react with foreign objects in the lung tissue and continue to be slightly fibrosis, but The harm to the human body is less harmful, and after leaving the dust, the lesion can gradually fade away.
3. The pulmonary lesions caused by organic dust
different organic dust have different biological effects, such as causing bronchial asthma, cotton dust, occupational allergic pneumonia, mixed Pneumoconiosis, etc.
4. Respiratory tumor
The local effect of dust refers to the use of dust to cause atrophic lesions in the respiratory mucosa; in addition, pharyngitis, laryngealitis, and bronchitis can be formed; Acting on the skin can form acne, folliculitis, pus dermatosis, etc.; Metal and abrasive dust can cause corneal damage, cause corneal sensation and turbid cornea; asphalt smoke can cause light sensitive dermatitis under sunlight. The poisoning effect of dust refers to poisoning caused by toxic dust such as lead, arsenic, and manganese.
The harm to dust, the following technical measures can be used in the production process:
1. Technical innovation
Methods, using new technology is a technical measure to thoroughly eliminate dust pollution and do a good job of dustproof work. In the process of process reform, the standard measures that cause the production process to not cause dust hazards, and the second is the measures to eliminate or reduce their hazards after the dust occurs.
2. Wet dustproof
This is a simple, economical and effective dustproof measure. After the dust is in water, it is easy to absorb, condense, and gain weight, which can greatly reduce the production and diffusion of dust, and improve the air quality of the operating environment.
3. Counter -Dust source
This to effectively close the dust source is an effective technical measure to prevent dust from outside. It is often used with ventilation and dust removal technical measures.
4. Ventilation dust removal
This is the most common and effective technical measure in industrial production. Ventilation dust removal is to effectively control the dust source with a ventilation method, and pull out the dust -containing gas. After purifying the dust collector, the atmosphere is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the dust concentration of the air content of the operating area meets the requirements of hygiene standards, and the exhaust gas meets the emission standards Requirements.
5. Personal protection
This is an auxiliary measure. Usually, on the basis of other technical measures, people engaged in dust operations can further prevent the inhalation of dust through various protective supplies (such as masks, dust masks, dust masks, dust -proof helmets, etc.) harm.
What are the measures to prevent dust hazards?
The dangers of productive dust can be completely prevented. In order to prevent the harm of dust, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of regulations and laws. There are "Decisions on Preventing Silicon Dust Harm in Factory and Mining", "Measures for Factory to Prevent Silicon Dust Harm", "Interim Measures for Mining to Prevent Silicon Dust Harm", "Measures for Medical Prevention Measures for Silicon Dust Workers" and so on. Based on these policies and decree, the factory and mine have done a lot of work on dust prevention, and summarized the eight -character experience to prevent the dangers of dust. Comprehensive measures such as "leather, water, secret, wind, protection, management, teaching, and investigation" to make dust dust The concentration decreases year by year, and the incidence of pneumoconiosis in contact with dust workers has decreased year by year, and the age of onset and the age of illness and death have been greatly prolonged. However, at present, the task of preventing dust in my country is still quite difficult. The problems in the industry in the township and township industry are even more prominent. It is still the primary task to do a good job in dustproof. In 1987, the State Council issued the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of the People's Republic of China". The regulations made regulations on supervision, monitoring, health management, and rewards and punishment, which played a further promotion role in dustproof work.
(1) Organizational measures
In strengthening organization leaders is the key to doing a good job of dustproof work. Factory leaders with more dust operations must have special persons in charge of dust prevention; establish and improve dustproofing institutions, formulate dustproof work plans and necessary rules and regulations, and effectively implement comprehensive dustproof measures; establish a dust monitoring system, large factories and mines shall have full -time full -time and mines. Dust measurement personnel, medical staff should put forward requirements for dust measurement work, check and guide regularly, to regularly target dust measurement, and evaluate the effectiveness of the improvement of labor conditions and technical measures. Do a good job of publicity work, from leadership to the majority of employees, so that everyone can understand the dangers of dust, and do a good job of dustproof work according to their responsibilities and obligations.
(2) Technical measures
The technical measures are the central measures to prevent dust hazards, mainly in terms of governance, dust production operations and operations that do not meet the requirements of dust prevention. Reduce the production of product dust, dispersal, and minimize the concentration of dust in the operating environment as much as possible.
L) Reform process process, innovation of production equipment is the fundamental way to eliminate dust hazards. It should be made from various aspects such as production process design, equipment selection, and dust production machinery before leaving the factory. If the closed wind pipeline is used to transport, negative pressure sand absorption, etc. to eliminate dust flying, use silicon -free substance instead of quartz, and use iron ball sandblast instead of quartz sandblast.
) Wet operation is an effective measure to prevent dust from flying. All operations that can be used can be used. For example, the wet rock -chiney rocks of the mine, the infiltration of the lane lane, the purification of the wind, etc., the wet crushing or spray sprinkler of the quartz, the ore, etc. Sand and so on.
3) Counteracting, absorbing, and dust removal, for dust -producing positions that cannot be used in wet operations, a closed wind and dust removal method should be adopted. Any device that can generate dust should be closed as much as possible, and use local mechanical to absorb wind to keep the closed device a certain negative pressure and prevent dust from rest. The dust -containing air must be treated with dust purification to avoid pollution.
(3) Health care measures
This prevention of dust prevention to human health. The first step is to eliminate or reduce the source of the occurrence. This is the most fundamental measure. The second is to reduce the concentration of dust in the air. Finally, it is to reduce the opportunity to enter the human body and reduce the dangers of dust. Health care measures are the last part of prevention. Although it is auxiliary measures, it still occupies an important position.
1) Personal protection and personal hygiene. For conditions, the dust concentration of the dust is limited to the operation that does not meet the allowable concentration standards, and the appropriate dust mask has become an important measure. The dust -proof mask must filter the dust rate, high breathable rate, light weight, and does not affect the vision and operation of the workers. Carry out physical exercise and pay attention to nutrition. It is of certain significance to increase resistance and improve resistance. In addition, pay attention to personal hygiene habits, not smoking. Comply with the rules of dustproof operation, and strictly implement the system that does not wear the dust mask and does not work on the job.
2) Before employment and regular physical examination, the newly engaged in dusty workers must conduct a health inspection. The purpose is to find the taboo taboos of dust operations and as health data. The purpose of regular physical examination is to discover the damage to health in early discovery, and it is time to timely be adjusted when it is not suitable for diseases that should not be engaged in dust operations.
3) Protective patients with pneumoconiosis can get appropriate arrangements, enjoy the should be given by national policies, appraisions it for labor ability, and properly resettle.
What is the pneumoconiosis of coal miners?
The coal is my country's main energy and important industrial raw materials. The production of under -coal mines mainly includes two types of rock excavation and coal mining. The types of dust in contact with these two workers are different. Workers who work in the rock digging work surface are mainly exposed to rock dust (including silicon dust). They have little contact. The pneumonia they obtain is silicon, and workers, coal and ground coal selection plants working on coal mining work surfaces are Workers are mainly contacting coal dust and rarely contact rock dust. The pneumoconiosis obtained by these workers is not silicon, but coal pneumonia or coal lung.
However, these two kinds of pneumoconiosis account for only a few of the coal miners, accounting for about 20%of all coal mines. The vast majority, that is, about 80%of coal mines are coal and silicon, that is, mixed pneumoconiosis formed by both silicon and coal. This is because most of the coal mines in our country are not strict with the division of labor in the well, and the mobilization is also frequently. The rock dust, the pornography obtained is a mixed coal and silicon lung. Therefore, the so -called coal miners' pneumoconiosis actually includes three kinds of pneumoconiosis: coal silicon, silicon and coal lung pneumoconiosis.
will it get pneumoconiosis in any dust?
The types of dust, but not all the dust can cause pneumoconiosis as long as it is inhaled into the lungs. For example, the wind and sand in the desert, the dust on the road, and the chalk ash in the classroom can be flying into the lungs, but these will not cause pneumoconiosis. This is because these dust particles are large, it is not easy to enter the alveoli, or its chemical components do not cause lung fibrosis. Strictly speaking, only some types of dust generated by some production processes can cause pneumoconiosis in a large number of long -term inhalation.
The pneumoconiosis studies believe that only the dust that enters the alveoli and sedimentation can cause pneumoconiosis. People usually call the dust that can reach the alveoli as the breathing dust, which generally refers to the dust with a particle size of less than 5 microns. Because the breathing dust is suspended in the air in the operating venue for a long time, it can inhale into the alveoli and sedse it down, so it is the main factor that causes pneumoconiosis. The occurrence of pneumoconiosis is directly related to the nature of mineral dust, the concentration of mineral dust, the length of the dust pickup, and the individual conditions. Due to different types of dust, due to the different pathogenic effects and hazards, the prevalence of pneumoconiosis, the age of the onset, and the progress of the disease period are different.
How to cause the pneumoconiosis?
The pathogenic mechanism of dust to the pneumoconiosis has not yet made a successful explanation. The physical and chemical characteristics of various dust are different, and the effects of the body and the response to the body are not the same. It also shows the nature and severity of the lesion, that is, the fibrosis capacity of various dusts is different, causing lung damage to lung damage, which causes lung damage. The nature and degree of nature are also different.
(1) Small and bureau's interstitial damage: It is mainly around the triminal trachea. The lesion consists of accumulated dust, dust cells and moderate hyperplasia of the mesh fiber. Or the collagen is not obvious. Most of these damages are caused by the weakness of the fibrosis. Many decentralized damage caused by iron dust and coal dust belong to this category.
(2) Worstimal fibrosis in the bureau's stove, nodular fine -tub -pilot, and peripheral vascular: Dust -eliminating cells in the lesion, fibroblasts proliferate, collagen fiber obviously proliferated, such as quartz or seasons or The pneumoconiosis caused by other dust fibrosis.
(3) Simply pneumatic trachea and alveolar walls permeable intercipate fibrosis: Most diseases are mostly in respiratory fine -tubic trachea, and can affect non -breathing fine pilots. Asparam caused by dust.
(4) Large fibrosis: On the basis of the above second and third types of damage, due to the integrated lesion of collagen fibers and local tissue hypoxia, inflammation, lungs, and immunology The common effect of factors, lesions are often fused into group blocks, sometimes manifested as fibrosis of the dumplings.
What are the main factors that cause pneumoconiosis?
If in many factors that cause pneumoconiosis, the accumulation of dust and actual dust are the two major risk factors for pneumoconiosis in coal miners. The analysis of hazardous factors shows that the incidence of pneumonia in coal workers increases with the increase in accumulating dust and the increase of the average dust -connected work age. The age of dust connection is closely related to the cumulative amount of dust connection, which is an auxiliary factor for the pathogenic.
Hawliolic pneumoconiosis?
It since starting to engage in dust operations, until the time of discovering the pneumonia is called the age of the disease. The age of pneumoconiosis is different, which is not only related to the nature of contact with dust, but also has more relationships with the quality of dustproof conditions in the production. Generally speaking, it takes about 8 to 10 years to obtain silicon lung disease, asbestosal lung needs 5 to 8 years, coal lung needs 15 to 20 years, and aluminum pneumoconiosis takes 16 to 40 years.
The good constitution is related to pneumoconiosis?
The pneumoconiosis is caused by the role of dust through the role of dust, so individual factors such as good constitution and bad constitution also affect the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis. Living, not pneumoconiosis occurred. Sometimes the pneumoconiosis has a shorter age, but the long -term working age does not have a disease, which makes the pneumoconiosis, the rapid and severity of the lesion development, and the difference between people. Why are there these differences? This is because of the factors that affect the onset, in addition to the various factors that affect the body's resistance that affect the body's resistance. Generally speaking, those of minor workers, women, who do not pay attention to personal protection and hygiene, and poor health conditions, such as people with heart and lung diseases, are more likely to suffer from pneumoconiosis.
How to determine the degree of danger of dust operation?
The according to the "Hollowing Standards for Product Dust Harm Harm", it is necessary to determine the degree of harm to contact a certain product of dust, and comprehensive analysis is required. First of all, the qualitative indicator of the degree of harm should be determined, that is, the silicon content of the midstream of the product of the product. Secondly, the quantitative indicator of the degree of harm is evaluated, that is, the workers' total ventilation volume and product dust concentration exceeds the standard multiple. This standard divides the hazards of product dust operations into level five: level 0, level I, level II, level III, and level IV hazards. When determining the degree of harm, as long as the three indicator data obtained on the scene and find the corresponding position in the level of harm level, the harm level can be found in the hierarchical table.
(1) The content of silicon dioxide in the middle reaches of the product refers to the quality percentage of the quality of the crystalline -shaped free silicon. Its content plays an important role in the occurrence and development of silicon lungs. This standard is divided into four categories: the iconic silicon dust dust with or less than 10 %; the free -free silicon dirt with 10 % to 40 %; And more than 70 % of free silica dust.
(2) Total lung ventilation of workers' time to pick up the time. In the product of the same nature of the production dust industry, the production conditions of workers are different. The duration of the labor intensity and the duration of dust connection is different, so the dust that is actually inhaled into the lungs is also different. Considering the complex situation of my country's production mode, the total amount of lung ventilation of workers is used as a quantitative indicator and included in the hierarchical standard. Workers 'total exhaust time of the lungs is actually included, which actually includes two contents, that is, the work hours of workers' dusting time, and the determination of the total lung ventilation volume of the dust time. This indicator not only represents the size of the workers' labor intensity, but also reflects the actual time for the workers.
(3) Product dust concentration exceeding the standard multiple, which refers to the actual value concentration value of the workplace, exceeds the multiple of the national standard, the calculation method is as follows: the product dust concentration exceeds the standard multiple = the real value of the dust measurement value /The maximum allowable concentration of the dust is expressed by the arithmetic average of the measured dust concentration that exceeds the standard multiple times.
. For example, when a casting of a cast is used for natural sand, the content of free silica is 99.50 %. The total gas volume of a worker on a working day is 6999 liters/day. The dust concentration in the operating venue is 4 mg/cubic meter. The maximum allowable concentration of the national standard is 1 mg/cubic meter. According to the calculation, the exceeding the standard multiple is 3 to 3 Find the corresponding position in Table 3-2, and the degree of dust hazards of the post was found to be level III. This standard does not apply to radioactive dust and cause chemical poisoning dangerous dust.
What are the career hazards of the chemistry industry?
The variety of chemical industry, which is closely related to the production of various industries. It is an indispensable raw material for many industries. The chemical industry mainly includes basic chemical industry, pesticide fertilizer, petrochemical, dye paint, pharmaceutical reagents, J -sensitive materials, various auxiliary agents and other industries. The production process of chemical industry also often has the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, flammable, explosive, and easy corrosion. This constitutes the characteristics of chemical production to the human body.
(1) Acute and chronic poisoning Due to the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, flammable, and explosive chemical production, the incidence of acute accidents and acute poisoning is more than other industries, and it often involves non -professional groups. Such as fire and leakage accidents will pollute the atmosphere around and make a large number of people poisoning. The long -term impact of chronic poisoning has also attracted people's attention.
(2) Damage to the organic chemicals can invade the various organs of the human body, some are positioned, and some are multi -system violations. Stimulating poisons often cause respiratory damage, and pulmonary edema occurs in severe cases; cyanide, arsenic, hydrogen sulfide, carbonate, acetate, organic fluorine, etc. easily cause toxic shocks; arsenic, 锑, 钡, organic mercury, and methane methane , Tetrachloride and other easily cause toxic myocarditis; there are many poisonous pro -liver. Typical ones are yellow phosphorus, tetrachloride, triazleylene, triazol chloride, etc., causing liver damage; toxic renal injuries can be caused by heavy metals Salt cause damage can also cause damage by certain poison through hypoxia, dehydration, etc.; suffocation gases, irritating gases, and poisonous nerves can cause toxic cerebral edema; chronic poisoning of benzene mainly damage the blood system Anemia at platelets, anemia, regenerative disorder anemia occurs in severe cases; mercury, lead. Manganese and other can cause severe central nervous damage. Due to the variety of chemical types, it cannot be described here.
(3) In recent years, the carcinogenic effects have been reported in the chemical system occupational tumor epidemiological survey. The malignant tumor in the industry is also higher than the local residents, and the tumor of the digestive system is high; the pyram aniline in the dye industry has been recognized; the chlorine chloride in the plastic industry causes hepatic hemangioma and fluoroplasty suspicious carcinogenic cancer; the paint coating industry Intestinal cancer, liver cancer patients have increased.